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Abstract：
Water resources are increasingly degraded due to the discharge of waste generated in municipal, industrial and agricultural areas. Therefore, the search for new materials enabling the effective treatment of drinking water and sewage is currently of great interest. This paper deals with the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants on the surface of carbonaceous adsorbents prepared by thermochemical conversion of common pistachio nut shells. The influence of the direct physical activation with CO2 and chemical activation with H3PO4 on parameters, such as elemental composition, textural parameters, acidic-basic character of the surface as well as electrokinetic properties of the prepared carbonaceous materials was checked. The suitability of the activated biocarbons prepared as the adsorbents of iodine, methylene blue and poly(acrylic acid) from the aqueous solutions was estimated. The sample obtained via chemical activation of the precursor turned out to be much more effective in terms of all the tested pollutants adsorption. Its maximum sorption capacity toward iodine was 1059 mg/g, whereas in relation to methylene blue and poly(acrylic acid) 183.1 mg/g and 207.9 mg/g was achieved, respectively. For both carbonaceous materials, a better fit to the experimental data was achieved with a Langmuir isotherm than a Freundlich one. It has also been shown that the efficiency of organic dye, and especially anionic polymer adsorption from aqueous solutions, is significantly affected by solution pH and temperature of the adsorbate-adsorbent system.
摘要：
由于市政产生的废物的排放，水资源日益退化，工业和农业领域。因此,寻找能够有效处理饮用水和污水的新材料目前引起了人们的极大兴趣。本文研究了通过普通开心果壳的热化学转化制备的含碳吸附剂表面对有机和无机污染物的吸附。CO2直接物理活化和H3PO4化学活化对参数的影响,如元素组成，纹理参数，检查了表面的酸性-碱性特性以及所制备的碳质材料的电动特性。作为碘吸附剂制备的活性生物碳的适用性，估计水溶液中的亚甲基蓝和聚(丙烯酸)。通过前体的化学活化获得的样品证明在所有测试的污染物吸附方面更有效。其对碘的最大吸附容量为1059mg/g，而相对于亚甲基蓝和聚丙烯酸，达到了183.1mg/g和207.9mg/g，分别。对于两种含碳材料，Langmuir等温线比Freundlich等温线更好地拟合了实验数据。它还表明，有机染料的效率，特别是从水溶液中吸附阴离子聚合物，被吸附物-吸附剂系统的溶液pH和温度会显着影响。
