PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In order to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies and extend the long-term survival of patients, more and more often, in addition to standard treatment, oncological patients receive also targeted therapy, i.e., CAR-T cells. These cells express a chimeric receptor (CAR) that specifically binds an antigen present on tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. The use of CAR-T cells in the therapy of relapsed and refractory B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) resulted in complete remission in many patients, which prompted researchers to conduct tests on the use of CAR-T cells in the treatment of other hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to ALL due to a higher risk of relapse caused by the development of resistance to standard treatment. The 5-year relative survival rate in AML patients was estimated at 31.7%. The objective of the following review is to present the mechanism of action of CAR-T cells, and discuss the latest findings on the results of anti-CD33, -CD123, -FLT3 and -CLL-1 CAR-T cell therapy, the emerging challenges as well as the prospects for the future.
摘要：
为了提高癌症治疗的有效性并延长患者的长期生存期，越来越多的时候，除了标准治疗，肿瘤患者也接受靶向治疗，即，CAR-T细胞。这些细胞表达特异性结合肿瘤细胞上存在的抗原的嵌合受体（CAR），导致肿瘤细胞裂解。使用CAR-T细胞治疗复发和难治性B型急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）导致许多患者完全缓解，这促使研究人员对使用CAR-T细胞治疗其他血液恶性肿瘤进行测试，包括急性髓系白血病（AML）。与ALL相比,AML与较差的预后相关,这是由于对标准治疗产生抗性引起的复发风险较高。AML患者的5年相对生存率估计为31.7%。以下综述的目的是介绍CAR-T细胞的作用机制，并讨论了抗CD33，-CD123，-FLT3和-CLL-1CAR-T细胞治疗结果的最新发现，新出现的挑战以及未来的前景。
