Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Pain anxiety is a psychological component that can regulate and modulate the experience of pain in children and adolescents. It can also have an impact on the outcomes of surgical procedures, chronic pain management and psychological interventions. The aim of our study was to translate the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) into Spanish and assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version.
METHODS: First, the CPASS was translated according to international guidelines. Secondly, to assess the psychometric properties of the translated version, we conducted an analysis in a paediatric sample. A total of 160 children, 49.37% female, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD, 2.3; range, 8-18 years) completed pain catastrophising, health-related quality of life, pain interference and pain intensity scales. We assessed the following psychometric properties: construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects and convergent validity (correlation of CPASS to the other completed questionnaires completed and with objective aspects of the health history).
RESULTS: In the exploratory factor analysis, the final 18-item version (having excluded items 18 and 19) of the CPASS was the best fit, with all items included in the hypothetical construct and exhibiting optimal factor loadings. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the final 18-item, 4-factor model was adequate for the scale structure. We did not detect any floor or ceiling effects in the final version. Lastly, the results confirmed that the Spanish version has good internal consistency (Cronbach α, 0.88) and an adequate convergent validity.
CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish CPASS exhibits good psychometric proprieties and it can be used to assess pain anxiety in the paediatric population.
METHODS: First, the CPASS was translated according to international guidelines. Secondly, to assess the psychometric properties of the translated version, we conducted an analysis in a paediatric sample. A total of 160 children, 49.37% female, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD, 2.3; range, 8-18 years) completed pain catastrophising, health-related quality of life, pain interference and pain intensity scales. We assessed the following psychometric properties: construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects and convergent validity (correlation of CPASS to the other completed questionnaires completed and with objective aspects of the health history).
RESULTS: In the exploratory factor analysis, the final 18-item version (having excluded items 18 and 19) of the CPASS was the best fit, with all items included in the hypothetical construct and exhibiting optimal factor loadings. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the final 18-item, 4-factor model was adequate for the scale structure. We did not detect any floor or ceiling effects in the final version. Lastly, the results confirmed that the Spanish version has good internal consistency (Cronbach α, 0.88) and an adequate convergent validity.
CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish CPASS exhibits good psychometric proprieties and it can be used to assess pain anxiety in the paediatric population.
摘要：
背景：疼痛焦虑是一种心理成分，可以调节和调节儿童和青少年的疼痛体验。它也会对外科手术的结果产生影响，慢性疼痛管理和心理干预。我们研究的目的是将儿童疼痛焦虑症状量表（CPASS）翻译成西班牙语，并评估西班牙语版本的心理测量特性。
方法：首先，CPASS是根据国际准则翻译的。其次,为了评估翻译版本的心理测量特性，我们对儿科样本进行了分析.共有160名儿童，49.37%女性，平均年龄14.5岁(SD，2.3；范围，8-18年)完成痛苦灾难，与健康相关的生活质量，疼痛干扰和疼痛强度量表。我们评估了以下心理测量特性：结构效度(探索性和验证性因子分析)，内部一致性，下限效应和收敛效度(CPASS与完成的其他问卷的相关性以及健康史的客观方面)。
结果：在探索性因素分析中，CPASS的最终18项版本(不包括第18和19项)是最合适的，所有项目都包括在假设的结构中，并表现出最佳的因子载荷。验证性因素分析表明，最后18个项目，4因素模型对于比例结构是足够的。我们没有在最终版本中检测到任何地板或天花板效果。最后,结果证实，西班牙语版本具有良好的内部一致性(Cronbachα，0.88)和足够的收敛有效性。
结论：西班牙CPASS表现出良好的心理测量特性，可用于评估儿科人群的疼痛焦虑。
方法：首先，CPASS是根据国际准则翻译的。其次,为了评估翻译版本的心理测量特性，我们对儿科样本进行了分析.共有160名儿童，49.37%女性，平均年龄14.5岁(SD，2.3；范围，8-18年)完成痛苦灾难，与健康相关的生活质量，疼痛干扰和疼痛强度量表。我们评估了以下心理测量特性：结构效度(探索性和验证性因子分析)，内部一致性，下限效应和收敛效度(CPASS与完成的其他问卷的相关性以及健康史的客观方面)。
结果：在探索性因素分析中，CPASS的最终18项版本(不包括第18和19项)是最合适的，所有项目都包括在假设的结构中，并表现出最佳的因子载荷。验证性因素分析表明，最后18个项目，4因素模型对于比例结构是足够的。我们没有在最终版本中检测到任何地板或天花板效果。最后,结果证实，西班牙语版本具有良好的内部一致性(Cronbachα，0.88)和足够的收敛有效性。
结论：西班牙CPASS表现出良好的心理测量特性，可用于评估儿科人群的疼痛焦虑。
