Abstract：
Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in regulating gene expression. These mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone modifications, like methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation. DNA methylation is associated with gene expression suppression; however, histone methylation can stimulate or repress gene expression depending on the methylation pattern of lysine or arginine residues on histones. These modifications are key factors in mediating the environmental effect on gene expression regulation. Therefore, their aberrant activity is associated with the development of various diseases. The current study aimed to review the significance of DNA and histone methyltransferases and demethylases in developing various conditions, like cardiovascular diseases, myopathies, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, cancer, aging, and central nervous system conditions. A better understanding of the epigenetic roles in developing diseases can pave the way for developing novel therapeutic approaches for affected patients.
摘要：
表观遗传机制在调节基因表达中至关重要。这些机制包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰，像甲基化，乙酰化,和磷酸化。DNA甲基化与基因表达抑制有关；然而，组蛋白甲基化可以刺激或抑制基因表达，这取决于组蛋白上赖氨酸或精氨酸残基的甲基化模式。这些修饰是介导对基因表达调控的环境影响的关键因素。因此,它们的异常活性与各种疾病的发展有关。本研究旨在回顾DNA和组蛋白甲基转移酶和去甲基酶在发展各种条件下的意义，比如心血管疾病，肌病,糖尿病,肥胖，骨质疏松,癌症,老化，和中枢神经系统状况。更好地了解疾病发展中的表观遗传作用可以为开发受影响患者的新型治疗方法铺平道路。
