PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Potential nutrient losses and mycotoxin accumulation caused by abnormal fermentation during transportation from cropland to dairy farms leads to the diseases incidence and threatens the health of dairy cows, then further causes financial losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different transportation times on the nutritional composition, mycotoxins, and microbial communities in whole-plant corn silage (WPCS).
UNASSIGNED: Three groups were subjected to different transport times: DY, short (<200 min); ZY, medium time (300-500 min); and CY, long transport time (>600 min). WPCS were collected from the same field, and nutrient composition and microbial composition before and after transportation were analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Our results showed that the temperature of WPCS was higher in the ZY and CY groups than in the DY group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) and starch contents after different transportation times (P > 0.05), whereas the starch and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) contents in the CY group was significantly decreased after transport (P < 0.05). Similarly, the concentration of vomitoxin in the DY and CY groups declined markedly (P < 0.05) and the zearalenone content in the DY group also significantly decreased after transportation (P < 0.05). Regarding the analysis of microorganisms in WPCS, UniFrac-distance matrices and Shannon indices showed differences in the ZY group (P < 0.05), but fungal diversities were not influenced by the transport time (P > 0.05). In the ZY group, the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus decreased significantly after transportation (P > 0.05), but the relative abundances of unidentified_Chloroplast, Pantoea, Gluconobacter, unidentified Acetobacter and Acinetobacter increased markedly (P < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundances of Acetobacter and Gluconobacter in the CY group increased after transport (P < 0.05). Among fungal communities, a total of three, nine, and ten different fungal flora were observed in the DY, ZY, and CY groups, respectively, although no difference was found in fungal diversity. In conclusion, increased temperature, loss of starch, and mycotoxin variation were found with increased transport time. This might be the result of competition between bacteria and fungi, and novel technologies will need to be utilized for further exploration of the mechanism.
UNASSIGNED: Three groups were subjected to different transport times: DY, short (<200 min); ZY, medium time (300-500 min); and CY, long transport time (>600 min). WPCS were collected from the same field, and nutrient composition and microbial composition before and after transportation were analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Our results showed that the temperature of WPCS was higher in the ZY and CY groups than in the DY group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) and starch contents after different transportation times (P > 0.05), whereas the starch and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) contents in the CY group was significantly decreased after transport (P < 0.05). Similarly, the concentration of vomitoxin in the DY and CY groups declined markedly (P < 0.05) and the zearalenone content in the DY group also significantly decreased after transportation (P < 0.05). Regarding the analysis of microorganisms in WPCS, UniFrac-distance matrices and Shannon indices showed differences in the ZY group (P < 0.05), but fungal diversities were not influenced by the transport time (P > 0.05). In the ZY group, the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus decreased significantly after transportation (P > 0.05), but the relative abundances of unidentified_Chloroplast, Pantoea, Gluconobacter, unidentified Acetobacter and Acinetobacter increased markedly (P < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundances of Acetobacter and Gluconobacter in the CY group increased after transport (P < 0.05). Among fungal communities, a total of three, nine, and ten different fungal flora were observed in the DY, ZY, and CY groups, respectively, although no difference was found in fungal diversity. In conclusion, increased temperature, loss of starch, and mycotoxin variation were found with increased transport time. This might be the result of competition between bacteria and fungi, and novel technologies will need to be utilized for further exploration of the mechanism.
摘要：
■从农田到奶牛场运输过程中发酵异常引起的潜在营养损失和霉菌毒素积累，导致疾病的发生，威胁奶牛的健康，进而造成经济损失。这项研究的目的是探讨不同运输时间对营养成分的影响，霉菌毒素,整株玉米青贮饲料(WPCS)中的微生物群落。
■三组接受不同的运输时间：DY，短（<200分钟）；ZY，中等时间(300-500分钟)；和CY，长运输时间（>600分钟）。WPCS是从同一领域收集的，并对运输前后的营养成分和微生物组成进行了分析。
■我们的结果表明，ZY和CY组的WPCS温度高于DY组（P<0.01）。干物质（DM）没有显着差异，粗蛋白（CP），中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF），酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF），不同运输时间后的醚提取物（EE）和淀粉含量（P>0.05），而CY组的淀粉和水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量在运输后明显下降（P<0.05）。同样，运输后，DY和CY组的呕吐毒素浓度显着下降（P<0.05），DY组的玉米赤霉烯酮含量也显着下降（P<0.05）。关于WPCS中微生物的分析，UniFrac距离矩阵和Shannon指数在ZY组存在差异(P<0.05),但真菌多样性不受运输时间的影响(P>0.05)。在ZY组中,运输后，无乳杆菌的相对丰度显着下降（P>0.05），但是未知的叶绿体的相对丰度，泛菌,葡糖酸杆菌,未鉴定的醋杆菌和不动杆菌明显增加(P<0.05)。此外,CY组的醋酸杆菌和葡糖杆菌的相对丰度在转运后增加（P<0.05）。在真菌群落中，一共三个,九,在DY中观察到十种不同的真菌菌群，ZY,和CY组，分别,尽管真菌多样性没有发现差异。总之,温度升高,淀粉的损失，随着运输时间的增加，发现了霉菌毒素的变化。这可能是细菌和真菌竞争的结果，新技术将需要用于进一步探索该机制。
■三组接受不同的运输时间：DY，短（<200分钟）；ZY，中等时间(300-500分钟)；和CY，长运输时间（>600分钟）。WPCS是从同一领域收集的，并对运输前后的营养成分和微生物组成进行了分析。
■我们的结果表明，ZY和CY组的WPCS温度高于DY组（P<0.01）。干物质（DM）没有显着差异，粗蛋白（CP），中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF），酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF），不同运输时间后的醚提取物（EE）和淀粉含量（P>0.05），而CY组的淀粉和水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量在运输后明显下降（P<0.05）。同样，运输后，DY和CY组的呕吐毒素浓度显着下降（P<0.05），DY组的玉米赤霉烯酮含量也显着下降（P<0.05）。关于WPCS中微生物的分析，UniFrac距离矩阵和Shannon指数在ZY组存在差异(P<0.05),但真菌多样性不受运输时间的影响(P>0.05)。在ZY组中,运输后，无乳杆菌的相对丰度显着下降（P>0.05），但是未知的叶绿体的相对丰度，泛菌,葡糖酸杆菌,未鉴定的醋杆菌和不动杆菌明显增加(P<0.05)。此外,CY组的醋酸杆菌和葡糖杆菌的相对丰度在转运后增加（P<0.05）。在真菌群落中，一共三个,九,在DY中观察到十种不同的真菌菌群，ZY,和CY组，分别,尽管真菌多样性没有发现差异。总之,温度升高,淀粉的损失，随着运输时间的增加，发现了霉菌毒素的变化。这可能是细菌和真菌竞争的结果，新技术将需要用于进一步探索该机制。
