Abstract：
Colostrum intake, which is critical for piglet survival after birth and growth up to weaning, greatly depends on piglet weight and vitality at birth. Our aim was to identify a set of biological variables explaining individual variations in colostrum intake, preweaning growth and risk of dying. Farrowing traits, morphological traits and colostrum intake were determined for 504 piglets born alive from 37 Landrace × Large White sows. A subset of 203 of these piglets was used to measure plasma neonatal concentrations of metabolites and hormones in blood collected from the umbilical cord at birth. From univariate analyses, we established that colostrum intake was positively associated with plasma neonatal concentrations of IGF-I, albumin, thyroid hormones (P < 0.001), and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05), and was negatively associated with concentrations of lactate (P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, the variables explaining the variation in colostrum intake were piglet birth weight and rectal temperature 1 h after birth (positive effect, P < 0.001), time of birth after the onset of parturition, and fructose plasma concentrations at birth (negative effects, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Piglets that died within 3 days after birth had lower neonatal concentrations of albumin (P < 0.001), IGF-I and thyroxine (P < 0.01) than surviving piglets. Preweaning growth was positively associated with neonatal concentrations of IGF-I, thyroxine (P < 0.001), albumin and insulin (P < 0.05). Cortisol and glucose concentrations at birth were not related to colostrum intake, neonatal survival or preweaning growth. Multivariable analyses confirmed that colostrum intake was the predominant factor influencing piglet survival within 3 days after birth and preweaning growth. These results provide physiological indicators of piglet colostrum intake, besides birth weight. They also confirm the impact of time of birth during farrowing on colostrum intake and the crucial importance of physiological maturity at birth for postnatal adaptation.
摘要：
初乳摄入量，这对仔猪出生后的存活和断奶后的生长至关重要，很大程度上取决于仔猪出生时的体重和活力。我们的目的是确定一组解释初乳摄入量个体差异的生物学变量，断奶前的生长和死亡的风险。分娩特征，确定了从37头长白猪×大白母猪生出的504头仔猪的形态特征和初乳摄入量。这些仔猪中的203个子集用于测量出生时从脐带收集的血液中代谢物和激素的血浆新生儿浓度。从单变量分析中，我们确定初乳摄入量与血浆IGF-I浓度呈正相关，白蛋白,甲状腺激素（P<0.001），和非酯化脂肪酸（P<0.05），与乳酸浓度呈负相关(P<0.001)。在多变量分析中，解释初乳摄入量变化的变量是仔猪出生体重和出生后1小时的直肠温度(正效应，P<0.001)，分娩开始后的出生时间，和出生时的果糖血浆浓度(负面影响，分别为P<0.001和P<0.05)。出生后3天内死亡的仔猪新生儿白蛋白浓度较低（P<0.001）。IGF-I和甲状腺素(P<0.01)高于存活仔猪。断奶前生长与新生儿IGF-I浓度呈正相关，甲状腺素（P<0.001），白蛋白和胰岛素(P<0.05)。出生时的皮质醇和葡萄糖浓度与初乳摄入量无关，新生儿存活或断奶前生长。多变量分析证实，初乳摄入量是影响仔猪出生后3天内存活和断奶前生长的主要因素。这些结果提供了仔猪初乳摄入量的生理指标，除了出生体重。他们还证实了分娩期间出生时间对初乳摄入量的影响，以及出生时生理成熟度对出生后适应的至关重要性。
