Abstract：
Trace elements or trace metals are essential components of enzymes, proteins, hormones and play a key role in biochemical processes, cell growth and differentiation, as well as in neurotransmission, affecting human physiology. In nature there are also heavy metals that exhibit toxic effects on the human body, including the brain. The importance of trace elements has been established in neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenia, depression among others. In parallel, an important regulatory element in the above diseases is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a modulator of the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, and a cause of neuroinflammation, and glutamate (Glu) dysregulation, affecting calcium (Ca) metabolism in cells. This review presents the effects of major trace elements and heavy metals on COX-2 expression. Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) can potentially increase COX-2 expression, inducing neuroinflammation and Glu excitotoxicity; while magnesium (Mg), lithium (Li), and selenium (Se) can potentially decrease COX-2 expression. The associated mechanisms are described in the article.
摘要：
微量元素或痕量金属是酶的必需成分，蛋白质，在生化过程中发挥关键作用，细胞生长和分化，以及在神经传递中，影响人体生理。在自然界中，也有重金属对人体表现出毒性作用，包括大脑。微量元素在神经退行性疾病中的重要性已经确立，精神分裂症,其他抑郁症。并行,上述疾病的一个重要调控元件是环氧合酶-2(COX-2),花生四烯酸（AA）途径的调节剂，和神经炎症的原因，和谷氨酸（Glu）失调，影响细胞中的钙（Ca）代谢。本文综述了主要微量元素和重金属对COX-2表达的影响。钙(Ca),锌(Zn),镉(Cd),钒(V),镍(Ni),铜(Cu),铁（Fe）可能会增加COX-2的表达，诱导神经炎症和Glu兴奋性毒性；而镁（Mg），锂（Li），硒（Se）可能会降低COX-2的表达。相关的机制在文章中描述。
