Abstract：
Gold nanostars (AuNSs) are nanoparticles with intricate three-dimensional structures and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties. For example, AuNSs uniquely display three distinct surface curvatures, i.e. neutral, positive, and negative, which provide different environments to adsorbed ligands. Hence, these curvatures are used to introduce different surface chemistries in nanoparticles. This review summarizes and discusses the role of surface curvature in AuNS properties and its impact on biomedical and chemical applications, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, contrast agent performance, and catalysis. We examine the main synthetic approaches to generate AuNSs, control their morphology, and discuss their benefits and drawbacks. We also describe the optical characteristics of AuNSs and discuss how these depend on nanoparticle morphology. Finally, we analyze how AuNS surface curvature endows them with properties distinctly different from those of other nanoparticles, such as strong electromagnetic fields at the tips and increased hydrophilic environments at the indentations, together making AuNSs uniquely useful for biosensing, imaging, and local chemical manipulation.
摘要：
金纳米星（AuNS）是具有复杂的三维结构和形状依赖的光电特性的纳米颗粒。例如,AuNS独特地显示三个不同的表面曲率，即中立，积极的,消极的,为吸附配体提供不同的环境。因此，这些曲率用于在纳米颗粒中引入不同的表面化学。这篇综述总结并讨论了表面曲率在AuNS特性中的作用及其对生物医学和化学应用的影响，包括表面增强拉曼光谱，造影剂性能,和催化。我们研究了生成AuNS的主要合成方法，控制它们的形态，并讨论它们的利弊。我们还描述了AuNSs的光学特性，并讨论了它们如何依赖于纳米粒子的形态。最后,我们分析了AuNS表面曲率如何赋予它们与其他纳米粒子明显不同的性质，如尖端处的强电磁场和压痕处增加的亲水环境，共同使AuNS对生物传感唯一有用，成像,和局部化学操作。
