Abstract：
Cytokines are compounds that belong to a special class of signaling biomolecules that are responsible for several functions in the human body, being involved in cell growth, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes. Thus, they represent valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and drug therapy monitoring certain medical conditions. Because cytokines are secreted in the human body, they can be detected in both conventional samples, such as blood or urine, but also in samples less used in medical practice such as sweat or saliva. As the importance of cytokines was identified, various analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids were reported. The gold standard in cytokine detection is considered the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and the most recent ones have been considered and compared in this study. It is known that the conventional methods are accompanied by a few disadvantages that new methods of analysis, especially electrochemical sensors, are trying to overcome. Electrochemical sensors proved to be suited for the elaboration of integrated, portable, and wearable sensing devices, which could also facilitate cytokines determination in medical practice.
摘要：
细胞因子是属于一类特殊的信号生物分子的化合物，负责人体的多种功能，参与细胞生长，炎症，和肿瘤过程。因此，它们代表了有价值的生物标志物，用于诊断和药物治疗监测某些医疗状况。因为细胞因子在人体内分泌，它们可以在两种常规样品中检测到，如血液或尿液，而且在医疗实践中使用较少的样品，如汗液或唾液。随着细胞因子的重要性被确定，报道了在生物液体中测定它们的各种分析方法。细胞因子检测的金标准被认为是酶联免疫吸附测定方法，并且在本研究中已经考虑并比较了最新的方法。众所周知，传统方法伴随着一些缺点，新的分析方法，尤其是电化学传感器，试图克服。电化学传感器被证明适合于综合，便携式，和可穿戴传感设备，这也可以促进医疗实践中细胞因子的测定。
