PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Terrestrial, marine and freshwater realms are inherently linked through ecological, biogeochemical and/or physical processes. An understanding of these connections is critical to optimise management strategies and ensure the ongoing resilience of ecosystems. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a global stressor that can profoundly affect a wide range of organisms and habitats and impact multiple realms. Despite this, current management practices for light pollution rarely consider connectivity between realms. Here we discuss the ways in which ALAN can have cross-realm impacts and provide case studies for each example discussed. We identified three main ways in which ALAN can affect two or more realms: 1) impacts on species that have life cycles and/or stages in two or more realms, such as diadromous fish that cross realms during ontogenetic migrations and many terrestrial insects that have juvenile phases of the life cycle in aquatic realms; 2) impacts on species interactions that occur across realm boundaries, and 3) impacts on transition zones or ecosystems such as mangroves and estuaries. We then propose a framework for cross-realm management of light pollution and discuss current challenges and potential solutions to increase the uptake of a cross-realm approach for ALAN management. We argue that the strengthening and formalisation of professional networks that involve academics, lighting practitioners, environmental managers and regulators that work in multiple realms is essential to provide an integrated approach to light pollution. Networks that have a strong multi-realm and multi-disciplinary focus are important as they enable a holistic understanding of issues related to ALAN.
摘要：
陆地，海洋和淡水领域通过生态固有地联系在一起，生物地球化学和/或物理过程。了解这些联系对于优化管理策略和确保生态系统的持续复原力至关重要。夜间人造光（ALAN）是一种全球性的压力源，可以深刻地影响各种生物和栖息地，并影响多个领域。尽管如此,目前光污染的管理实践很少考虑领域之间的连通性。在这里，我们讨论了ALAN可以产生跨领域影响的方式，并为所讨论的每个示例提供了案例研究。我们确定了ALAN可以影响两个或多个领域的三种主要方式：1）对具有两个或多个领域的生命周期和/或阶段的物种的影响，例如在个体发育迁移期间跨越领域的横流鱼类和许多在水生领域具有生命周期的幼年阶段的陆生昆虫;2)对跨越领域边界发生的物种相互作用的影响，和3)对过渡区或生态系统如红树林和河口的影响。然后，我们提出了一个跨领域管理光污染的框架，并讨论了当前的挑战和潜在的解决方案，以增加对ALAN管理的跨领域方法的吸收。我们认为，涉及学者的专业网络的加强和正规化，照明从业者，在多个领域工作的环境管理者和监管机构对于提供综合的光污染方法至关重要。具有强大的多领域和多学科重点的网络非常重要，因为它们可以全面了解与ALAN相关的问题。
