Abstract：
Aptamers (Apts) are synthetic nucleic acid ligands that can be engineered to target various molecules, including amino acids, proteins, and pharmaceuticals. Through a series of adsorption, recovery, and amplification steps, Apts are extracted from combinatorial libraries of synthesized nucleic acids. Using aptasensors in bioanalysis and biomedicine can be improved by combining them with nanomaterials. Moreover, Apt-associated nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymeric, dendrimers, carbon nanomaterials, silica, nanorods, magnetic NPs, and quantum dots (QDs), have been widely used as promising nanotools in biomedicine. Following surface modifications and conjugation with appropriate functional groups, these nanomaterials can be successfully used in aptasensing. Advanced biological assays can use Apts immobilized on QD surfaces through physical interaction and chemical bonding. Accordingly, modern QD aptasensing platforms rely on interactions between QDs, Apts, and targets to detect them. QD-Apt conjugates can be used to directly detect prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancers or simultaneously detect biomarkers associated with these malignancies. Tenascin-C, mucin 1, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, nucleolin, growth factors, and exosomes are among the cancer biomarkers that can be sensitively detected using such bioconjugates. Furthermore, Apt-conjugated QDs have shown great potential for controlling bacterial infections such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. This comprehensive review discusses recent advancements in the design of QD-Apt bioconjugates and their applications in cancer and bacterial theranostics.
摘要：
适体（Apts）是合成的核酸配体，可以被工程化以靶向各种分子，包括氨基酸,蛋白质，和药物。通过一系列的吸附，recovery,和扩增步骤，从合成核酸的组合文库中提取Apts。在生物分析和生物医学中使用aptasensor可以通过将它们与纳米材料结合来改进。此外，Apt相关纳米材料，包括脂质体,聚合物,树枝状聚合物,碳纳米材料，二氧化硅,纳米棒,磁性NP，和量子点（QD），已被广泛用作生物医学中的有前途的纳米工具。在表面修饰和与适当的官能团共轭之后，这些纳米材料可以成功地用于aptasensing。先进的生物测定可以使用通过物理相互作用和化学键合固定在QD表面上的Apts。因此，现代QD配置平台依赖于QD之间的交互，Apts,和目标来检测它们。QD-Apt缀合物可用于直接检测前列腺，卵巢,结直肠,和肺癌或同时检测与这些恶性肿瘤相关的生物标志物。Tenascin-C,粘蛋白1，前列腺特异性抗原，前列腺特异性膜抗原，核仁素,生长因子，和外来体是可使用此类生物缀合物灵敏检测的癌症生物标志物之一。此外，apt结合的量子点已经显示出控制细菌感染的巨大潜力，如苏云金芽孢杆菌，铜绿假单胞菌,大肠杆菌,鲍曼不动杆菌,空肠弯曲杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌.这篇全面的综述讨论了QD-Apt生物缀合物的设计及其在癌症和细菌疗法中的应用的最新进展。
