METHODS: In this case-control study, for each PM case, we included five unmatched diabetic controls (hospital [n = 2], community [n = 3]) without PM. We collected information on demography, COVID-19 infection, glycated haemoglobin% (HbA1c), the type of house (pucca vs. kutcha) where the participants reside, and other environmental factors. The primary exposure tested was cattle dung exposure (CDE; using cattle dung cakes as fuel or cattle handling). We performed a multivariate logistic regression to explore factors associated with PM and report the association as an adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS: We enrolled 39 PM cases and 199 controls (hospital [n = 80], community [n = 119]). CDE (OR 0.68, 95% CI [0.14-3.31]; p = 0.63) was not associated with increased PM in DM. We found male sex (OR 4.07, 95% CI [1.16-14.31]), higher HbA1c (OR 1.51, 95% CI [1.18-16.32]), COVID-19 (OR 28.25, 95% CI [7.02-113.6]) and residence at kutcha house (OR 4.84, 95% CI [1.33-17.52]) associated with PM.
CONCLUSIONS: Cattle dung exposure was not associated with PM in subjects with DM. Instead, male sex, poor glycaemic control, COVID-19 and the type of housing were associated with pulmonary mucormycosis.
方法:在本病例对照研究中,对于每个PM案例,我们纳入了五个不匹配的糖尿病对照(医院[n=2],社区[n=3])没有PM。我们收集了人口统计信息,COVID-19感染,糖化血红蛋白%(HbA1c),房子的类型(puccavs.kutcha)参与者居住的地方,和其他环境因素。测试的主要暴露是牛粪暴露(CDE;使用牛粪饼作为燃料或处理牛)。我们进行了多变量逻辑回归以探索与PM相关的因素,并将其关联报告为具有95%置信区间(CI)的校正比值比(OR)。
结果:我们登记了39个PM病例和199个对照(医院[n=80],社区[n=119])。CDE(OR0.68,95%CI[0.14-3.31];p=0.63)与DM患者PM升高无关。我们发现男性(OR4.07,95%CI[1.16-14.31]),较高的HbA1c(OR1.51,95%CI[1.18-16.32]),COVID-19(OR28.25,95%CI[7.02-113.6])和与PM相关的Kutcha房屋的住所(OR4.84,95%CI[1.33-17.52])。
结论:在DM患者中,牛粪暴露与PM无关。相反,男性,血糖控制不佳,COVID-19和住房类型与肺毛霉菌病有关。