Abstract：
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) contribute to the dose arising from radiation exposure for workers, public and non-human biota in different working and environmental conditions. Within the EURATOM Horizon 2020 RadoNorm project, work is ongoing to identify NORM exposure situations and scenarios in European countries and to collect qualitative and quantitative data of relevance for radiation protection. The data obtained will contribute to improved understanding of the extent of activities involving NORM, radionuclide behaviours and the associated radiation exposure, and will provide an insight into related scientific, practical and regulatory challenges. The development of a tiered methodology for identification of NORM exposure situations and complementary tools to support uniform data collection were the first activities in the mentioned project NORM work. While NORM identification methodology is given in Michalik et al., 2023, in this paper, the main details of tools for NORM data collection are presented and they are made publicly available. The tools are a series of NORM registers in Microsoft Excel form, that have been comprehensively designed to help (a) identify the main NORM issues of radiation protection concern at given exposure situations, (b) gain an overview of materials involved (i.e., raw materials, products, by-products, residues, effluents), c) collect qualitative and quantitative data on NORM, and (d) characterise multiple hazards exposure scenarios and make further steps towards development of an integrated risk and exposure dose assessment for workers, public and non-human biota. Furthermore, the NORM registers ensure standardised and unified characterisation of NORM situations in a manner that supports and complements the effective management and regulatory control of NORM processes, products and wastes, and related exposures to natural radiation worldwide.
摘要：
自然存在的放射性物质（NORM）有助于工人辐射暴露产生的剂量，不同工作和环境条件下的公共和非人类生物群。在EURATOMHorizon2020RadoNorm项目中，正在进行工作，以确定欧洲国家的NORM暴露情况和情景，并收集与辐射防护相关的定性和定量数据。获得的数据将有助于更好地了解涉及NORM的活动范围，放射性核素行为和相关的辐射暴露，并将提供相关科学的见解，实践和监管挑战。上述NORM项目工作的第一项活动是开发用于识别NORM暴露情况的分层方法和支持统一数据收集的补充工具。而NORM鉴定方法在Michalik等人中给出。,2023年，在本文中，提供了NORM数据收集工具的主要详细信息，并将其公开提供。这些工具是MicrosoftExcel表单中的一系列NORM寄存器，已全面设计，以帮助（a）确定辐射防护在特定暴露情况下的主要NORM问题，(B)获得所涉及材料的概述(即，原材料,产品,副产品,残留物，流出物)，c)收集关于NORM的定性和定量数据，和(d)描述多种危险暴露情况，并采取进一步措施，为工人制定综合风险和暴露剂量评估，公共和非人类生物群。此外，NORM寄存器确保以支持和补充NORM流程的有效管理和监管控制的方式对NORM情况进行标准化和统一的表征，产品和废物，以及世界各地对自然辐射的相关暴露。
