PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Plant communities that colonize high-elevation zones generally have short growing seasons which lead to specialized adaptations in such zones. In montane areas of Taiwan, Yushan bamboo (YB, Yushania niitakayamensis) is dominant at elevations ranging from 2500 to 3300 m and grows in a grassland-like open habitat. In this study, hexapods were collected from YB bimonthly between 2009 and 2012 by using a sweeping net. The composition of and several bioindices for the hexapods were determined, and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the dynamics and seasonal distribution of the hexapods. A total of 32,000 individuals belonging to 11 orders and 113 families were collected, with adult individuals being collected more frequently in warmer seasons (from June to October). Of the sampled individuals, 90% belonged to the orders Collembola (42%), Hemiptera (35%), and Hymenoptera (13%). The number of individuals belonging to Hemiptera were stable in all seasons, and the number of hymenopteran wasps was influenced by temperature and exhibited a stable dynamic pattern. The number of individuals belonging to Collembola fluctuated dramatically. The multivariate analyses revealed that the collected hexapods could be divided into two major family groups according to survey season (i.e., summer and winter groups). Several families were collected only in summer, but a few were collected only in winter. Eigenvalues obtained from a principal component analysis revealed that the families Chironomidae, Delphacidae, Entomobryidae, Hypogastruridae, Sminthuridae, and Thripidae (all dominant) were the major contributors to the winter group. These families were abundant all year, although some were more abundant during winter. The three dominant orders Collembola, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera, each of which has a distinct community structure and dynamic pattern, may have their own adaptive mechanisms in the subtropical regions of Taiwan. Hemiptera individuals, which feed on YB, were most abundant in the adult stage in summer and in the nymphal stage in winter. The abundance of parasitic hymenopteran wasps, which had stable dynamic patterns, was associated with that of their host insects and temperature. The drastic fluctuations in the abundance of Collembola may have been caused by abiotic factors, such as precipitation and microhabitat factors. The early onset of spring and the late onset of winter might also affect the dynamics of the studied hexapods.
摘要：
定居在高海拔地区的植物群落通常具有短的生长季节，这导致在此类地区进行专门的适应。在台湾的山地地区,玉山竹(YB,Yushanianiitakayamensis）在海拔2500至3300m的范围内占主导地位，并生长在类似草原的开放栖息地中。在这项研究中,六足动物是在2009年至2012年期间每两个月从YB收集一次的。确定了六足动物的组成和几种生物指标，并进行了多变量分析，以探索六足动物的动态和季节性分布。共收集了属于11个订单和113个家庭的32,000名个人,在温暖的季节（从6月到10月），成年人被更频繁地收集。在抽样的个体中，90%属于Collembola订单(42%)，半翅目（35%），膜翅目(13%)。半翅目的个体数量在所有季节都是稳定的，膜翅目黄蜂的数量受温度的影响，并表现出稳定的动态模式。属于Collembola的人数急剧波动。多变量分析表明，根据调查季节，收集的六足动物可以分为两个主要的家庭组（即，夏季和冬季组)。几个家庭只在夏天被收集，但是一些只在冬天收集。从主成分分析获得的特征值显示，摇蚊科，Delphacidae,昆虫科,下腹科，Sminthuridae,和Thripidae（全部占主导地位）是冬季组的主要贡献者。这些家庭全年都很丰富，虽然有些在冬天更丰富。Collembola的三个主要命令，半翅目,和膜翅目,每个都有不同的社区结构和动态模式，在台湾亚热带地区可能有自己的适应机制。半翅目个体，以YB为食，在夏季的成年阶段和冬季的若虫阶段最为丰富。大量的寄生膜翅目黄蜂，具有稳定的动态模式，与宿主昆虫和温度有关。Collembola丰度的剧烈波动可能是由非生物因素引起的，如降水和微生境因素。春季的早发和冬季的晚发也可能会影响所研究六足动物的动力学。
