PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The current study investigated whether factors such as living residence, the coach-athlete working alliance, goal orientation, and intrinsic motivation could explain drop-out, and whether these factors differed between athletes included in the elite- vs. general sport programs during high school years. In total 257 cross-country skiers, graduated from three different Norwegian Top Sport schools during the period from 2015 to 2019, were recruited to retrospectively investigate their experiences related to the time period when they participated in programs for cross-country skiing at high school. In total 116 of these athletes completed an online survey including validated and standardized instruments for the assessment of the coach-athlete working alliance (CAWAI), goal orientation (GO), perceived satisfaction with their performances (PAP) and intrinsic motivation (IM). The results showed that 84% of the athletes had dropped out from cross-country skiing, while 16% were still active. The highest ranked fixed statements of causes for drop-out was \"a natural choice\" (3.79 ± 1.11), \"priority of education or work\" (3.61 ± 1.30), \"lack of motivation\" (3.49 ± 1.28), \"negative performance development\" (3.46 ± 1.18), and \"challenges with health\" (3.25 ± 1.54). There were significant differences between active and drop-out in scores for reciprocity between the coaches\' and the athletes\' perceptions of goals (CAWAI-goal; 5.87 ± .98 vs. 5.07 ± 1.15; p = .004), the coach-athlete relationship bond (CAWAI-bond; 6.08 ± .91 vs. 5.07 ± 1.38; p = .001), and tasks chosen to reach the defined goals (CAWAI-task; 5.61 ± .92 vs. 4.90 ± 1.09; p = .006). Furthermore, active athletes had higher mastery orientation (22.11 ± 2.88 vs. 20.00 ± 3.74; p = .010). A hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis showed that place of residence and the coach-athlete working alliance were significant predictors of drop-out while mastery and performance goal orientation or intrinsic motivation were not significant. All five predictors explained 23% of the variability in drop out from cross-country skiing. Overall, 58% and 42% of the athletes participated in the elite and general programs for cross-country skiing during high school, respectively. The athletes that took part in the elite programs reported significantly stronger coach-athlete working alliances (CAWAI-sum; 14.46±3.10 vs. 14.28±3.37; p = .000), higher mastery orientation (21.19±3.50 vs. 19.36±3.66; p = .008), and performance satisfaction (PAP; 19.17±5.98 vs. 15.69±5.19; p = .001) compared to the athletes attending general programs. The results are discussed in terms of existing knowledge on how place of residence, the coach-athlete working alliance, goal orientation, performances, and motivation might impact drop-out in cross-country skiing.
摘要：
目前的研究调查了居住等因素是否，教练-运动员工作联盟，目标导向,内在动机可以解释辍学的原因，以及这些因素是否在精英运动员与精英运动员之间存在差异高中期间的一般体育项目。总共257名越野滑雪者，在2015年至2019年期间毕业于三所不同的挪威顶级体育学校，被招募来回顾性调查他们在高中参加越野滑雪项目期间的经历。共有116名运动员完成了在线调查，包括用于评估教练-运动员工作联盟（CAWAI）的经过验证和标准化的工具。目标定向(GO)，对他们的表现(PAP)和内在动机(IM)的感知满意度。结果显示,84%的运动员退出了越野滑雪,而16%的人仍然活跃。关于辍学原因的排名最高的固定陈述是“自然选择”（3.79±1.11），“教育或工作优先”(3.61±1.30)，“缺乏动力”(3.49±1.28)，“负面绩效发展”(3.46±1.18)，和“健康挑战”(3.25±1.54)。教练和运动员对目标的认知之间的互惠分数的活跃和辍学之间存在显着差异（CAWAI目标；5.87±.98vs.5.07±1.15；p=.004)，教练-运动员关系纽带(CAWAI-bond；6.08±.91vs.5.07±1.38；p=.001)，以及为达到定义的目标而选择的任务(CAWAI-task；5.61±.92vs.4.90±1.09；p=.006）。此外，活跃的运动员掌握程度较高（22.11±2.88vs.20.00±3.74；p=.010）。分层二元逻辑回归分析表明，居住地和教练-运动员工作联盟是辍学的重要预测因素，而掌握和绩效目标取向或内在动机则不显著。所有五个预测因子都解释了越野滑雪辍学的变化的23％。总的来说,58%和42%的运动员在高中期间参加了越野滑雪的精英和通用项目，分别。参加精英计划的运动员报告说，教练与运动员的工作联盟明显加强（CAWAI-sum；14.46±3.10vs.14.28±3.37；p=.000)，更高的掌握方向(21.19±3.50vs.19.36±3.66；p=.008)，和绩效满意度（PAP；19.17±5.98vs.15.69±5.19；p=.001）与参加一般项目的运动员相比。根据现有的关于居住地的知识来讨论结果，教练-运动员工作联盟，目标导向,表演,动机可能会影响越野滑雪的辍学。
