PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The radionuclide Ga-68 is commonly used in nuclear medicine, specifically in positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, the interest in producing Ga-68 by cyclotron irradiation of [68Zn]Zn nitrate liquid targets is increasing. However, current purification methods of Ga-68 from the target solution consist of multi-step procedures, thus, leading to a significant loss of activity through natural decay. Additionally, several processing steps are needed to recycle the costly, enriched target material.
RESULTS: To eventually allow switching from batch to continuous production, conventional batch extraction and membrane-based microfluidic extraction were compared. In both approaches, Ga-68 was extracted using N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform as the organic extracting phase. Extraction efficiencies of up to 99.5% ± 0.6% were achieved within 10 min, using the batch approach. Back-extraction of Ga-68 into 2 M HCl was accomplished within 1 min with efficiencies of up to 94.5% ± 0.6%. Membrane-based microfluidic extraction achieved 99.2% ± 0.3% extraction efficiency and 95.8% ± 0.8% back-extraction efficiency into 6 M HCl. When executed on a solution irradiated with a 13 MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF, Canada, comparable efficiencies of 97.0% ± 0.4% were achieved. Zn contamination in the back-extracted Ga-68 solution was found to be below 3 ppm.
CONCLUSIONS: Microfluidic solvent extraction is a promising method in the production of Ga-68 achieving high efficiencies in a short amount of time, potentially allowing for direct target recycling.
RESULTS: To eventually allow switching from batch to continuous production, conventional batch extraction and membrane-based microfluidic extraction were compared. In both approaches, Ga-68 was extracted using N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform as the organic extracting phase. Extraction efficiencies of up to 99.5% ± 0.6% were achieved within 10 min, using the batch approach. Back-extraction of Ga-68 into 2 M HCl was accomplished within 1 min with efficiencies of up to 94.5% ± 0.6%. Membrane-based microfluidic extraction achieved 99.2% ± 0.3% extraction efficiency and 95.8% ± 0.8% back-extraction efficiency into 6 M HCl. When executed on a solution irradiated with a 13 MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF, Canada, comparable efficiencies of 97.0% ± 0.4% were achieved. Zn contamination in the back-extracted Ga-68 solution was found to be below 3 ppm.
CONCLUSIONS: Microfluidic solvent extraction is a promising method in the production of Ga-68 achieving high efficiencies in a short amount of time, potentially allowing for direct target recycling.
摘要：
背景：放射性核素Ga-68通常用于核医学，特别是在正电子发射断层扫描（PET）。最近,通过回旋加速器辐照[68Zn]Zn硝酸盐液体靶生产Ga-68的兴趣正在增加。然而,目前从目标溶液中纯化Ga-68的方法包括多步程序，因此，通过自然衰变导致活性显著丧失。此外,需要几个处理步骤来回收昂贵的，富集的目标材料。
结果：为了最终允许从批量生产切换到连续生产，比较了传统的间歇萃取和基于膜的微流控萃取。在这两种方法中，使用在氯仿中的N-苯甲酰基-N-苯基羟胺作为有机萃取相萃取Ga-68。在10分钟内达到高达99.5％±0.6％的提取效率，使用批处理方法。在1分钟内将Ga-68反萃取到2MHCl中，效率高达94.5％±0.6％。基于膜的微流体萃取在6MHCl中实现了99.2％±0.3％的萃取效率和95.8％±0.8％的反萃取效率。当在TRIUMF下用13MeV回旋加速器辐照的溶液上执行时，加拿大,达到了97.0%±0.4%的相当效率.发现反萃取的Ga-68溶液中的Zn污染低于3ppm。
结论：微流体溶剂萃取是生产Ga-68的一种有前途的方法，可在短时间内实现高效率，可能允许直接目标回收。
结果：为了最终允许从批量生产切换到连续生产，比较了传统的间歇萃取和基于膜的微流控萃取。在这两种方法中，使用在氯仿中的N-苯甲酰基-N-苯基羟胺作为有机萃取相萃取Ga-68。在10分钟内达到高达99.5％±0.6％的提取效率，使用批处理方法。在1分钟内将Ga-68反萃取到2MHCl中，效率高达94.5％±0.6％。基于膜的微流体萃取在6MHCl中实现了99.2％±0.3％的萃取效率和95.8％±0.8％的反萃取效率。当在TRIUMF下用13MeV回旋加速器辐照的溶液上执行时，加拿大,达到了97.0%±0.4%的相当效率.发现反萃取的Ga-68溶液中的Zn污染低于3ppm。
结论：微流体溶剂萃取是生产Ga-68的一种有前途的方法，可在短时间内实现高效率，可能允许直接目标回收。
