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Abstract：
In the present study, Trichoderma harzianum culture filtrate (CF) was used as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a quick, simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly manner. The effects of different ratios (silver nitrate (AgNO3): CF), pH, and incubation time on the synthesis of Ag NPs were also examined. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra of the synthesized Ag NPs showed a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 420 nm. Spherical and monodisperse NPs were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental silver (Ag) was identified in the Ag area peak indicated by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The crystallinity of Ag NPs was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to examine the functional groups present in the CF. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed an average size (43.68 nm), which was reported to be stable for 4 months. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to confirm surface morphology. We also investigated the in vitro antifungal efficacy of biosynthesized Ag NPs against Alternaria solani, which demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. Additionally, microscopic investigation revealed that Ag NP-treated mycelia exhibited defects and collapsed. Apart from this investigation, Ag NPs were also tested in an epiphytic environment against A. solani. Ag NPs were found to be capable of managing early blight disease based on field trial findings. The maximum percentage of early blight disease inhibition by NPs was observed at 40 parts per million (ppm) (60.27%), followed by 20 ppm (58.68%), whereas in the case of the fungicide mancozeb (1,000 ppm), the inhibition was recorded at 61.54%.
摘要：
在本研究中,哈茨木霉培养滤液（CF）被用作还原剂和封端剂，以快速合成银纳米颗粒（AgNP），简单,成本效益高,和生态友好的方式。不同比例（硝酸银（AgNO3）：CF）的影响，pH值,还检查了AgNP合成的孵育时间。合成的AgNP的紫外可见(UV-Vis)光谱在420nm处显示出明显的表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察到球形和单分散的NP。元素银(Ag)在通过能量色散X射线(EDX)光谱法指示的Ag面积峰中被鉴定。AgNP的结晶度通过X射线衍射(XRD)证实,和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)用于检查CF中存在的官能团。动态光散射（DLS）显示平均尺寸（43.68nm），据报道稳定了4个月。原子力显微镜(AFM)用于确认表面形态。我们还研究了生物合成的AgNPs对南方链格孢菌的体外抗真菌功效，对菌丝生长和孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用。此外,显微镜调查显示，AgNP处理的菌丝体表现出缺陷和塌陷。除了这次调查,还在附生环境中对AgNP进行了针对SolaniA的测试。根据现场试验结果，发现AgNP能够管理早期疫病。观察到NPs抑制早期疫病的最大百分比为百万分之40（ppm）（60.27％），其次是20ppm(58.68%)，而在杀菌剂代森锰锌(1,000ppm)的情况下，抑制记录为61.54%。
