Abstract：
The degradation of ecosystems and their services is threatening human wellbeing, making ecosystem service (ES) conservation an urgent necessity. In ES conservation planning, conservation area identification is crucial for the success of conservation initiatives. However, different decision-making preferences have not been fully considered and integrated in ES conservation area identification. This study takes the Dawen River watershed as the study area and considers three water-related ESs to be conserved. We aim to integrate the decision-making preferences of cost-effectiveness, ES sustainable supply, and ES social benefit into identifying ES conservation areas by using conservation cost, ecosystem health, and ES social importance as spatial constraints, respectively. We identified ES conservation area alternatives under the scenarios set according to different decision-making preferences. Specifically, ES conservation targets, i.e., the expected proportion of each ES in conservation areas, are designed to be met where there is low conservation cost (cost-oriented scenario), high ecosystem health (ES sustainable supply scenario), or high ES social importance (ES social benefit scenario). A balanced scenario considering all three decision-making preferences together is further established. The results show that under each scenario, the identified conservation areas can concurrently meet the conservation targets and decision-making preferences. The consideration of different decision-making preferences can greatly influence the spatial distributions of ES conservation areas. Moreover, a severe trade-off between conservation cost and ES social importance is observed under the ES social benefit scenario, and the balanced scenario can achieve a synergy of decision-making preferences. Our study provides a method to integrate the decision-making preference into ES conservation area identification, which can improve the rationality and practicality of ES conservation planning.
摘要：
生态系统及其服务的退化正在威胁人类的福祉，使生态系统服务(ES)保护成为迫切需要。在ES保护规划中，保护区的确定对于保护计划的成功至关重要。然而,不同的决策偏好在ES保护区识别中没有得到充分考虑和整合。本研究以大文河流域为研究区域，考虑了三个与水有关的ESs。我们的目标是整合成本效益的决策偏好，ES可持续供应，和ES社会效益，通过使用保护成本来确定ES保护区，生态系统健康,和ES作为空间约束的社会重要性，分别。在根据不同的决策偏好设定的情景下，我们确定了ES保护区的替代方案。具体来说,ES保护目标，即，保护区中每个ES的预期比例，被设计为在低保护成本(以成本为导向的方案)的情况下得到满足，高生态系统健康(ES可持续供应情景)，或高ES社会重要性(ES社会福利情景)。进一步建立了考虑所有三个决策偏好的平衡方案。结果表明，在每种情况下，确定的保护区可以同时满足保护目标和决策偏好。考虑不同的决策偏好会极大地影响ES保护区的空间分布。此外，在ES社会效益情景下，观察到保护成本和ES社会重要性之间的严重权衡，均衡情景可以实现决策偏好的协同作用。我们的研究提供了一种将决策偏好整合到ES保护区识别中的方法，提高了ES保护规划的合理性和实用性。
