Abstract：
The reduction in seawater pH from rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the oceans has been recognized as an important force shaping the future of marine ecosystems. Therefore, numerous studies have reported the effects of ocean acidification (OA) in different compartments of important animal groups, based on field and/or laboratory observations. Calcifying invertebrates have received considerable attention in recent years. In the present systematic review, we have summarized the physiological responses to OA in coral, echinoderm, mollusk, and crustacean species exposed to predicted ocean acidification conditions in the near future. The Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were used for the literature search, and 75 articles were obtained based on the inclusion criteria. Six main physiological responses have been reported after exposure to low pH. Growth (21.6%), metabolism (20.8%), and acid-base balance (17.6%) were the most frequent among the phyla, while calcification and growth were the physiological responses most affected by OA (>40%). Studies show that the reduction of pH in the aquatic environment, in general, supports the maintenance of metabolic parameters in invertebrates, with redistribution of energy to biological functions, generating limitations to calcification, which can have severe consequences for the health and survival of these organisms. It should be noted that the OA results are variable, with inter and/or intraspecific differences. In summary, this systematic review offers important scientific evidence for establishing paradigms in the physiology of climate change in addition to gathering valuable information on the subject and future research perspectives.
摘要：
海洋中二氧化碳（CO2）水平升高导致海水pH值降低已被认为是塑造海洋生态系统未来的重要力量。因此,许多研究报道了海洋酸化（OA）在重要动物群的不同区室中的影响，基于现场和/或实验室观察。钙化无脊椎动物近年来受到了相当大的关注。在本系统综述中，我们总结了珊瑚对OA的生理反应，棘皮动物,软体动物,和甲壳类物种在不久的将来暴露于预测的海洋酸化条件。Scopus,WebofScience,和PubMed数据库用于文献检索，根据纳入标准获得75篇文章。已经报道了暴露于低pH后的六种主要生理反应。增长（21.6%），新陈代谢（20.8%），酸碱平衡（17.6％）在门中最常见，而钙化和生长是受OA影响最大的生理反应(>40%)。研究表明，水环境中pH值的降低，总的来说,支持无脊椎动物代谢参数的维持，随着能量对生物功能的重新分配，对钙化产生限制，这会对这些生物的健康和生存产生严重后果。应该注意的是，OA结果是可变的，具有种间和/或种内差异。总之,除了收集有关该主题和未来研究观点的有价值的信息外，本系统综述还为建立气候变化生理学范式提供了重要的科学证据。
