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Abstract：
Dengue fever (DF) is an arthropod-borne viral infection caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4) transmitted to the host by the vector mosquito Aedes, which causes fever, vomiting, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, and a distinctive itching and skin rash, ultimately leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The first case of DF in Pakistan was documented in 1994, but outbreak patterns began in 2005. As of 20 August 2022, Pakistan has 875 confirmed cases, raising alarming concerns. Misdiagnosis due to mutual symptoms, lack of an effective vaccine, the weakened and overburdened health system of Pakistan, irrational urbanization, climate change in Pakistan, insufficient waste management system, and a lack of awareness are the significant challenges Pakistan faces and result in recurrent dengue outbreaks every year. The recent flood in Pakistan has caused massive destruction, and stagnant dirty water has facilitated mosquito breeding. Sanitization and spraying, proper waste management, an adequate and advanced diagnostic system, control of population size, public awareness, and promotion of medical research and global collaboration, especially amidst flood devastation, are recommended to combat this deadly infection in Pakistan. This article aims to comprehensively review the year-round DF in Pakistan, highlighting the surge amidst ongoing flood havoc and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
摘要：
登革热（DF）是一种节肢动物传播的病毒感染，由媒介蚊子伊蚊传播给宿主的四种血清型登革病毒（DENV1-4）引起，导致发烧，呕吐,头痛,关节痛,肌肉疼痛，和独特的瘙痒和皮疹，最终导致登革热出血热和登革热休克综合征。1994年在巴基斯坦记录了第一例DF，但爆发模式始于2005年。截至2022年8月20日，巴基斯坦有875例确诊病例，引发令人担忧的担忧。由于相互症状而误诊，缺乏有效的疫苗，巴基斯坦的卫生系统被削弱和负担过重，非理性的城市化，巴基斯坦的气候变化,废物管理系统不足，缺乏意识是巴基斯坦面临的重大挑战，并导致每年反复爆发登革热。最近巴基斯坦的洪水造成了巨大的破坏,死水促进了蚊子的繁殖。消毒和喷涂，适当的废物管理，一个足够和先进的诊断系统，控制人口规模，公众意识,促进医学研究和全球合作，尤其是在洪水破坏中，建议在巴基斯坦与这种致命的感染作斗争。本文旨在全面回顾巴基斯坦全年的DF，强调了在持续的洪水浩劫和2019年冠状病毒病大流行中的激增。
