PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Malaria and schistosomiasis are two major parasitic diseases that remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Co-infections of these two parasites are common in the tropics, where both diseases are endemic. The clinical consequences of schistosomiasis and malaria are determined by a variety of host, parasitic, and environmental variables. Chronic schistosomiasis causes malnutrition and cognitive impairments in children, while malaria can cause fatal acute infections. There are effective drugs available to treat malaria and schistosomiasis. However, the occurrence of allelic polymorphisms and the rapid selection of parasites with genetic mutations can confer reduced susceptibility and lead to the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, the successful elimination and complete management of these parasites are difficult due to the lack of effective vaccines against Plasmodium and Schistosoma infections. Therefore, it is important to highlight all current vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials, such as pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stage malaria, as well as a next-generation RTS,S-like vaccine, the R21/Matrix-M vaccine, that conferred 77% protection against clinical malaria in a Phase 2b trial. Moreover, this review also discusses the progress and development of schistosomiasis vaccines. Furthermore, significant information is provided through this review on the effectiveness and progress of schistosomiasis vaccines currently under clinical trials, such as Sh28GST, Sm-14, and Sm-p80. Overall, this review provides insights into recent progress in malarial and schistosomiasis vaccines and their developmental approaches.
摘要：
疟疾和血吸虫病是两种主要的寄生虫病，仍然是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要原因。这两种寄生虫的共感染在热带地区很常见，这两种疾病都是地方病。血吸虫病和疟疾的临床后果由多种宿主，寄生，和环境变量。慢性血吸虫病导致儿童营养不良和认知障碍，而疟疾会导致致命的急性感染。有治疗疟疾和血吸虫病的有效药物。然而,等位基因多态性的发生和具有基因突变的寄生虫的快速选择可导致易感性降低并导致耐药性的出现。此外，由于缺乏针对疟原虫和血吸虫感染的有效疫苗，因此很难成功消除和完全管理这些寄生虫。因此,重要的是要强调目前正在进行临床试验的所有候选疫苗，如红细胞前期和红细胞期疟疾，以及下一代RTS，S样疫苗,R21/Matrix-M疫苗，这在2b期试验中赋予了77%的临床疟疾保护。此外，本文还讨论了血吸虫病疫苗的进展和发展。此外，通过这篇综述提供了关于目前正在临床试验的血吸虫病疫苗的有效性和进展的重要信息，如Sh28GST，Sm-14和Sm-p80。总的来说,这篇综述提供了对疟疾和血吸虫病疫苗及其开发方法的最新进展的见解。
