PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In order to valorize the species Crocus sativus from Morocco and to prepare new products with high added value that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, our interest was focused on the phytochemical characterization and the biological and pharmacological properties of the stigmas of this plant. For this purpose, the essential oil of this species, extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by GC-MS, revealed a predominance of phorone (12.90%); (R)-(-)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (11.65%); isopropyl palmitate (9.68%); dihydro-β-ionone (8.62%); safranal (6.39%); trans-β-ionone (4.81%); 4-keto-isophorone (4.72%); and 1-eicosanol (4.55%) as the major compounds. The extraction of phenolic compounds was performed by decoction and Soxhlet extraction. The results of the determination of flavonoids, total polyphenols, condensed tannins, and hydrolyzable tannins determined by spectrophotometric methods on aqueous and organic extracts have proved the richness of Crocus sativus in phenolic compounds. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC/UV-ESI-MS of Crocus sativus extracts revealed the presence of crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, and safranal molecules specific to this species. The study of antioxidant activity by three methods (DPPH, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity) has proved that C. sativus is a potential source of natural antioxidants. Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract (E0) was investigated by microdilution on a microplate. The results have revealed the efficacy of the aqueous extract against Acinetobacter baumannii and Shigella sp. with MIC ≤ 600 µg/mL and against Aspergillus niger, Candida kyfer, and Candida parapsilosis with MIC = 2500 µg/mL. Measurements of pro-thrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in citrated plasma obtained from routine healthy blood donors were used to determine the anticoagulant activity of aqueous extract (E0). The anticoagulant activity of the extract (E0) studied showed that this extract can significantly prolong the partial thromboplastin time (p < 0.001) with a 359 µg/mL concentration. The antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract was studied in albino Wistar rats. The aqueous extract (E0) showed strong in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with acarbose. Thus, it very significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia in albino Wistar rats. According to the demonstrated results, we can affirm the richness of Crocus sativus stigmas in bioactive molecules and its use in traditional medicine.
摘要：
为了使摩洛哥的Crocussativus物种增值，并制备可用于食品和制药行业的高附加值新产品，我们的兴趣集中在植物化学特征以及该植物柱头的生物学和药理学特性上。为此,这个物种的精油，通过加氢蒸馏提取，然后通过GC-MS分析，显示出主要的福尔酮（12.90％）；（R）-（-）-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇（11.65％）；棕榈酸异丙酯（9.68％）；二氢-β-紫罗兰酮（8.62％）；藏红醛（6.39％）；反式-β-紫罗兰酮（4.81％）；4-酮-酮-主要酚类化合物的提取采用汤剂和索氏提取法进行。黄酮类化合物的测定结果,总多酚，缩合单宁,通过分光光度法测定水提取物和有机提取物上的可水解单宁，证明了藏红花在酚类化合物中的丰富度。通过HPLC/UV-ESI-MS对藏红花提取物进行色谱分析，发现藏红花素的存在，picrocroccin,番红花素,和这个物种特有的Safranal分子。通过三种方法（DPPH，FRAP,和总抗氧化能力）已证明C.sativus是天然抗氧化剂的潜在来源。通过微量稀释在微孔板上研究水提取物（E0）的抗微生物活性。结果揭示了水提取物对鲍曼不动杆菌和志贺氏菌的功效。MIC≤600µg/mL，对黑曲霉，念珠菌,和念珠菌，MIC=2500µg/mL。使用从常规健康献血者获得的柠檬酸血浆中的凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血活酶时间（aPTT）的测量来确定水提取物（E0）的抗凝血活性。所研究的提取物（E0）的抗凝血活性表明，该提取物在359µg/mL的浓度下可以显着延长部分凝血活酶时间（p<0.001）。在白化Wistar大鼠中研究了水提取物的降血糖作用。与阿卡波糖相比，水提物（E0）对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶具有很强的体外抑制活性。因此，它非常显著地抑制白化病Wistar大鼠的餐后高血糖。根据证明的结果,我们可以肯定藏红花柱头在生物活性分子中的丰富性及其在传统医学中的应用。
