PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
There is little evidence that the already described and accepted taxa of ascarids (Ascaris lumbricoides, A. suum, and A. ovis) infecting individuals of taxonomically distant groups (hominids, pigs, sheep, goats, and dogs) can be genetically or morphologically distinguished. However, despite described morphological differences, e.g., due to intraspecific variation, these are insufficient for species determination and may indicate differences amongst ascarids because of cross infections, hybrid production, and specific adaptations to hosts. Herein, the results of a molecular and morphological analysis of ascarids parasitising Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) in native populations are presented. The research took place in the Bukit Lawang area, Indonesia, in 2009. Throughout the year, fresh faecal samples were collected regularly from 24 orangutans, and all were examined for the presence of nematode adults. Only five adult worms from two orangutan females were found during regular collection. Using the integrative taxonomic approach, the nematodes found were identified as A. lumbricoides. The significance of the find and its rarity is documented by the fact that this is the first confirmed finding of adult ascarids from an original orangutan site (not from a zoo) in more than 130 years (including the long-term study spanning the last 20 years focusing on orangutan parasites and natural antiparasitic drugs). More accurate morphometric parameters and genetic differences for the identification of ascarids were established. These parameters will be helpful for other findings in great apes and will also be suitable for further and precise determination of this parasite. The details distinguishing between male and female specimens are also stated and well defined. A comprehensive evaluation of the situation of Ascaris species parasitising orangutans, including a comparison with previously described orangutan parasite (i.e., A. satyri-species inquirenda), is discussed.
摘要：
几乎没有证据表明已经描述和接受的asc虫类群（Ascarislumbricoides，A.suum,和A.Ovis)感染分类学上遥远群体的个体(原始人，猪,绵羊,山羊,和狗）可以在遗传或形态上区分。然而,尽管描述了形态差异，例如，由于种内变异，这些不足以确定物种，并且可能表明由于交叉感染而导致的a虫之间的差异，混合生产，以及对宿主的特定适应。在这里，寄生在苏门答腊猩猩身上的蛔虫的分子和形态分析结果(PongoabeliiLesson，1827）在本地人口中呈现。这项研究发生在武吉拉昂地区，印度尼西亚,2009年。全年,定期从24只猩猩中收集新鲜粪便样本，并检查了所有线虫成虫的存在。在定期收集过程中，仅从两只猩猩雌性中发现了五只成虫。使用综合分类学方法，发现的线虫被鉴定为A.lumbricoides。这一发现的重要性及其罕见性通过以下事实得到了证明：这是130多年来（包括过去20年的长期研究，重点是猩猩寄生虫和天然抗寄生虫药物）首次确认发现来自原始猩猩遗址（不是来自动物园）的成虫。建立了更准确的形态计量学参数和遗传差异来鉴定a虫。这些参数将有助于大猿的其他发现，也适用于进一步和精确地确定这种寄生虫。男性和女性标本之间的区别细节也有陈述和明确定义。对寄生猩猩的A虫物种的状况进行了综合评估，包括与先前描述的猩猩寄生虫的比较(即，A.satyri-speciesinquirenda)，正在讨论。
