PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In this study, we investigated the presence of piggyBac (PB) transposons in 44 bee genomes from the Apoidea order, which is a superfamily within the Hymenoptera, which includes a large number of bee species crucial for pollination. We annotated the PB transposons in these 44 bee genomes and examined their evolution profiles, including structural characteristics, distribution, diversity, activity, and abundance. The mined PB transposons were divided into three clades, with uneven distribution in each genus of PB transposons in Apoidea. The complete PB transposons we discovered are around 2.23-3.52 kb in length and encode transposases of approximately 580 aa, with terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of about 14 bp and 4 bp (TTAA) target-site duplications. Long TIRs (200 bp, 201 bp, and 493 bp) were also detected in some species of bees. The DDD domains of the three transposon types were more conserved, while the other protein domains were less conserved. Generally, most PB transposons showed low abundance in the genomes of Apoidea. Divergent evolution dynamics of PB were observed in the genomes of Apoidea. PB transposons in some identified species were relatively young, whiles others were older and with some either active or inactive. In addition, multiple invasions of PB were also detected in some genomes of Apoidea. Our findings highlight the contribution of PB transposons to genomic variation in these species and suggest their potential as candidates for future gene transfer tools.
摘要：
在这项研究中,我们从Apoidea顺序研究了44个蜜蜂基因组中piggyBac（PB）转座子的存在，这是膜翅目中的一个超家族，其中包括大量对授粉至关重要的蜜蜂物种。我们注释了这44个蜜蜂基因组中的PB转座子，并检查了它们的进化概况，包括结构特征，分布，多样性,活动,和丰富。开采的PB转座子分为三个分支，Apoidea中PB转座子的每个属中分布不均。我们发现的完整的PB转座子长度约为2.23-3.52kb，编码约580aa的转座酶，末端反向重复（TIR）约14bp和4bp（TTAA）靶位重复。长TIR(200bp，201bp,和493bp）也在某些蜜蜂物种中检测到。三种转座子类型的DDD结构域更保守，而其他蛋白质结构域保守性较低。一般来说,大多数PB转座子在Apoidea基因组中的丰度较低。在Apoidea的基因组中观察到PB的不同进化动力学。某些已鉴定物种中的PB转座子相对年轻，而其他人年龄较大，有些人要么活跃，要么不活跃。此外,在Apoidea的某些基因组中也检测到了PB的多种入侵。我们的发现强调了PB转座子对这些物种基因组变异的贡献，并暗示了它们作为未来基因转移工具的候选者的潜力。
