Abstract：
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively produced and used as surfactants and repellents for decades. To date, the global contamination pattern of PFAS in marine biota has seldomly been reviewed. Seabirds are ideal biomonitoring tools to study environmental contaminants and their effects. Here, we compiled and synthesized reported PFAS concentrations in various seabird species to reflect spatiotemporal patterns and exposure risks of major PFAS on a global ocean scale. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most studied PFAS in seabirds, which showed the highest level in eggs of common guillemots (U. aalge) from the Baltic Sea, followed by great cormorants (P. carbo) from the North Sea and double-crested cormorants (P.auritus) from the San Francisco Bay, whereas the lowest were those reported for Antarctic seabirds. The temporal pattern showed an overall higher level of PFOS in the late 1990s and early 2000s, consistent with the phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride-based products. Maximum liver PFOS concentrations in several species such as cormorants and fulmars from Europe and North America exceeded the estimated toxicity reference values. Systematic evaluations using representative species and long time-series are necessary to understand contamination patterns in seabirds in South America, Africa, and Asia where information is lacking. In addition, limited research has been conducted on the identification and toxic effects of novel substitutes such as fluorotelomers and ether PFAS (F-53B, Gen-X etc.) in seabirds. Further research, including multi-omics analysis, is needed to comprehensively characterize the exposure and toxicological profiles of PFAS in seabirds and other wildlife.
摘要：
几十年来，全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）已被广泛生产并用作表面活性剂和驱避剂。迄今为止,对海洋生物群中PFAS的全球污染模式进行了很少的审查。海鸟是研究环境污染物及其影响的理想生物监测工具。这里,我们汇编并合成了各种海鸟物种中PFAS的报告浓度，以反映全球海洋尺度上主要PFAS的时空模式和暴露风险。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是海鸟中研究最多的PFAS，这表明来自波罗的海的普通海雀（Uriaaalge）的卵含量最高，其次是来自旧金山湾的双冠cor（Phalacrocoraxauritus），而最低的是南极海鸟的报告。时间模式显示，在1990年代末和2000年代初，全氟辛烷磺酸的总体水平较高，与全氟辛烷磺酰氟基产品的淘汰一致。来自欧洲和北美的一些物种，例如cor和fulmars的最大肝脏全氟辛烷磺酸浓度超过了估计的毒性参考值。使用代表性物种和长时间序列进行系统评估对于了解南美海鸟的污染模式是必要的，非洲,和缺乏信息的亚洲。此外,有限的研究已经进行了鉴定和毒性效应的新型替代品，如氟调聚物和醚PFAS(F-53B，Gen-X等.)在海鸟中。进一步研究,包括多组学分析,需要全面表征PFAS在海鸟和其他野生动物中的暴露和毒理学特征。
