PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The hadal zone is the deepest point in the ocean with a depth that exceeds 6000 m. Exploration of the biological communities in hadal zone began in the 1950s (the first wave of hadal exploration) and substantial advances have been made since the turn of the twenty-first century (the second wave of hadal exploration), resulting in a focus on the hadal sphere as a research hotspot because of its unique physical and chemical conditions. A variety of prokaryotes are found in the hadal zone. The mechanisms used by these prokaryotes to manage the high hydrostatic pressures and acquire energy from the environment are of substantial interest. Moreover, the symbioses between microbes and hadal animals have barely been studied. In addition, equipment has been developed that can now mimic hadal environments in the laboratory and allow cultivation of microbes under simulated in situ pressure. This review provides a brief summary of recent progress in the mechanisms by which microbes adapt to high hydrostatic pressures, manage limited energy resources and coexist with animals in the hadal zone, as well as technical developments in the exploration of hadal microbial life.
摘要：
hadal区是海洋中最深处，深度超过6000m。对hadal区生物群落的探索始于1950年代（第一次hadal探索浪潮），自二十一世纪之交（第二次hadal探索浪潮）以来取得了重大进展，由于其独特的物理和化学条件，使其成为研究热点。在hadal区发现了多种原核生物。这些原核生物用于管理高静水压力并从环境中获取能量的机制引起了极大的兴趣。此外，微生物和有形动物之间的共生关系几乎没有被研究过。此外,设备已经开发出来，现在可以模拟实验室中的hadal环境，并允许在模拟原位压力下培养微生物。这篇综述简要总结了微生物适应高静水压力的机制的最新进展，管理有限的能源资源，并与hadal区的动物共存，以及探索hadal微生物生命的技术发展。
