PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: During the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic, face masks have become one of the most important ubiquitous factors affecting human breathing. It increases the resistance and dead space volume leading to a re-breathing of CO2. So far, this phenomenon and possible implications on early life has not been evaluated in depth.
UNASSIGNED: As part of a scoping review, literature was systematically reviewed regarding CO2 exposure and facemask use.
UNASSIGNED: Fresh air has around 0.04% CO2, while wearing masks more than 5 min bears a possible chronic exposure to carbon dioxide of 1.41% to 3.2% of the inhaled air. Although the buildup is usually within the short-term exposure limits, long-term exceedances and consequences must be considered due to experimental data. US Navy toxicity experts set the exposure limits for submarines carrying a female crew to 0.8% CO2 based on animal studies which indicated an increased risk for stillbirths. Additionally, mammals who were chronically exposed to 0.3% CO2 the experimental data demonstrate a teratogenicity with irreversible neuron damage in the offspring, reduced spatial learning caused by brainstem neuron apoptosis and reduced circulating levels of the insulin-like growth factor-1. With significant impact on three readout parameters (morphological, functional, marker) this chronic 0.3% CO2 exposure has to be defined as being toxic. Additional data exists on the exposure of chronic 0.3% CO2 in adolescent mammals causing neuron destruction, which includes less activity, increased anxiety and impaired learning and memory. There is also data indicating testicular toxicity in adolescents at CO2 inhalation concentrations above 0.5%.
UNASSIGNED: There is a possible negative impact risk by imposing extended mask mandates especially for vulnerable subgroups. Circumstantial evidence exists that extended mask use may be related to current observations of stillbirths and to reduced verbal motor and overall cognitive performance in children born during the pandemic. A need exists to reconsider mask mandates.
UNASSIGNED: As part of a scoping review, literature was systematically reviewed regarding CO2 exposure and facemask use.
UNASSIGNED: Fresh air has around 0.04% CO2, while wearing masks more than 5 min bears a possible chronic exposure to carbon dioxide of 1.41% to 3.2% of the inhaled air. Although the buildup is usually within the short-term exposure limits, long-term exceedances and consequences must be considered due to experimental data. US Navy toxicity experts set the exposure limits for submarines carrying a female crew to 0.8% CO2 based on animal studies which indicated an increased risk for stillbirths. Additionally, mammals who were chronically exposed to 0.3% CO2 the experimental data demonstrate a teratogenicity with irreversible neuron damage in the offspring, reduced spatial learning caused by brainstem neuron apoptosis and reduced circulating levels of the insulin-like growth factor-1. With significant impact on three readout parameters (morphological, functional, marker) this chronic 0.3% CO2 exposure has to be defined as being toxic. Additional data exists on the exposure of chronic 0.3% CO2 in adolescent mammals causing neuron destruction, which includes less activity, increased anxiety and impaired learning and memory. There is also data indicating testicular toxicity in adolescents at CO2 inhalation concentrations above 0.5%.
UNASSIGNED: There is a possible negative impact risk by imposing extended mask mandates especially for vulnerable subgroups. Circumstantial evidence exists that extended mask use may be related to current observations of stillbirths and to reduced verbal motor and overall cognitive performance in children born during the pandemic. A need exists to reconsider mask mandates.
摘要：
■在SARS-CoV-2大流行期间，口罩已经成为影响人类呼吸的最重要的无处不在的因素之一。它增加了导致CO2再呼吸的阻力和死空间体积。到目前为止,这一现象及其对生命早期的可能影响尚未得到深入评估.
■作为范围审查的一部分，有关CO2暴露和面罩使用的文献进行了系统综述。
■新鲜空气的CO2含量约为0.04％，而戴口罩超过5分钟可能会长期暴露于吸入空气的1.41％至3.2％的二氧化碳中。尽管积累通常在短期暴露范围内，由于实验数据，必须考虑长期超标和后果。美国海军毒性专家根据动物研究将载有女性船员的潜艇的暴露限值设定为0.8％的二氧化碳，这表明死胎的风险增加。此外,长期暴露于0.3％CO2的哺乳动物，实验数据表明后代具有不可逆的神经元损伤，脑干神经元凋亡引起的空间学习减少，胰岛素样生长因子-1的循环水平降低。对三个读出参数(形态学，功能，标记）这种慢性0.3％CO2暴露必须定义为有毒。关于青少年哺乳动物慢性0.3％CO2暴露导致神经元破坏的其他数据，其中包括较少的活动，增加焦虑和学习和记忆受损。还有数据表明，在二氧化碳吸入浓度高于0.5％时，青少年的睾丸毒性。
■通过施加扩展的面具授权，特别是对于脆弱的子群体，可能存在负面影响风险。有证据表明，延长使用口罩可能与当前对死胎的观察以及在大流行期间出生的儿童的言语运动和整体认知能力降低有关。需要重新考虑掩盖任务。
■作为范围审查的一部分，有关CO2暴露和面罩使用的文献进行了系统综述。
■新鲜空气的CO2含量约为0.04％，而戴口罩超过5分钟可能会长期暴露于吸入空气的1.41％至3.2％的二氧化碳中。尽管积累通常在短期暴露范围内，由于实验数据，必须考虑长期超标和后果。美国海军毒性专家根据动物研究将载有女性船员的潜艇的暴露限值设定为0.8％的二氧化碳，这表明死胎的风险增加。此外,长期暴露于0.3％CO2的哺乳动物，实验数据表明后代具有不可逆的神经元损伤，脑干神经元凋亡引起的空间学习减少，胰岛素样生长因子-1的循环水平降低。对三个读出参数(形态学，功能，标记）这种慢性0.3％CO2暴露必须定义为有毒。关于青少年哺乳动物慢性0.3％CO2暴露导致神经元破坏的其他数据，其中包括较少的活动，增加焦虑和学习和记忆受损。还有数据表明，在二氧化碳吸入浓度高于0.5％时，青少年的睾丸毒性。
■通过施加扩展的面具授权，特别是对于脆弱的子群体，可能存在负面影响风险。有证据表明，延长使用口罩可能与当前对死胎的观察以及在大流行期间出生的儿童的言语运动和整体认知能力降低有关。需要重新考虑掩盖任务。
