Abstract：
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem, and the risk of CKD and hypertension in children born low birth weight (LBW) is under-recognized. We hypothesized that children born with LBW would have a higher prevalence of reduced kidney function and hypertension.
Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate whether LBW (< 2500 g), very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g), and large birth weight (BW) (> 4000 g) were associated with kidney disease using 4 different estimating equations. We used the Counahan-Barratt, updated Schwartz, CKiD-U25, and full age spectrum creatinine-based GFR estimating equations to evaluate associations between a history of LBW/VLBW/large BW and reduced kidney function (eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2) in children. We also assessed blood pressure (BP) using the old and new pediatric hypertension guidelines.
Our analysis included 6336 children (age 12-15 years) in NHANES representing over 13 million US individuals. Using the updated Schwartz, the prevalence of reduced kidney function was 30.1% (25.2-35.6) for children born with LBW compared to 22.4% (20.5-24.3) in children with normal BW. Equations yielded different estimates of prevalence of reduced kidney function in LBW from 21.5% for Counahan-Barratt to 35.4% for CKiD-U25. Compared to those with normal BW, participants with LBW and VLBW had a 7.2 and 10.3% higher prevalence of elevated BP and a 2.4 and 14.6% higher prevalence of hypertension, respectively.
Children born with LBW are at higher risk of reduced kidney function and hypertension than previously described. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate whether LBW (< 2500 g), very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g), and large birth weight (BW) (> 4000 g) were associated with kidney disease using 4 different estimating equations. We used the Counahan-Barratt, updated Schwartz, CKiD-U25, and full age spectrum creatinine-based GFR estimating equations to evaluate associations between a history of LBW/VLBW/large BW and reduced kidney function (eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2) in children. We also assessed blood pressure (BP) using the old and new pediatric hypertension guidelines.
Our analysis included 6336 children (age 12-15 years) in NHANES representing over 13 million US individuals. Using the updated Schwartz, the prevalence of reduced kidney function was 30.1% (25.2-35.6) for children born with LBW compared to 22.4% (20.5-24.3) in children with normal BW. Equations yielded different estimates of prevalence of reduced kidney function in LBW from 21.5% for Counahan-Barratt to 35.4% for CKiD-U25. Compared to those with normal BW, participants with LBW and VLBW had a 7.2 and 10.3% higher prevalence of elevated BP and a 2.4 and 14.6% higher prevalence of hypertension, respectively.
Children born with LBW are at higher risk of reduced kidney function and hypertension than previously described. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
摘要：
背景：慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一个主要的健康问题，出生时低出生体重(LBW)儿童的CKD和高血压风险未得到充分认可。我们假设出生时患有LBW的儿童肾功能下降和高血压的患病率更高。
方法：使用国家健康和营养调查（NHANES），我们进行了一项横断面研究，以评估LBW(<2500克)，极低出生体重（VLBW<1500g），使用4种不同的估算方程，大出生体重（BW）（>4000g）与肾脏疾病相关。我们用了Counahan-Barratt,更新了Schwartz,CKiD-U25和全年龄谱肌酐为基础的GFR估计方程，以评估LBW/VLBW/大BW病史与儿童肾功能降低（eGFR<90mL/min/1.73m2）之间的关联。我们还使用新旧儿科高血压指南评估血压（BP）。
结果：我们的分析包括NHANES的6336名儿童（12-15岁），代表了超过1300万美国人。使用更新的施瓦茨，LBW患儿肾功能降低的患病率为30.1%(25.2~35.6),而BW正常患儿为22.4%(20.5~24.3).方程得出了LBW中肾功能降低的患病率的不同估计，从Counahan-Barratt的21.5％到CGiD-U25的35.4％。与正常体重相比，有LBW和VLBW的参与者有7.2%和10.3%的血压升高患病率和2.4%和14.6%的高血压患病率。分别。
结论：出生时患有LBW的儿童比以前描述的有更高的肾功能下降和高血压的风险。更高分辨率版本的图形摘要可作为补充信息。
方法：使用国家健康和营养调查（NHANES），我们进行了一项横断面研究，以评估LBW(<2500克)，极低出生体重（VLBW<1500g），使用4种不同的估算方程，大出生体重（BW）（>4000g）与肾脏疾病相关。我们用了Counahan-Barratt,更新了Schwartz,CKiD-U25和全年龄谱肌酐为基础的GFR估计方程，以评估LBW/VLBW/大BW病史与儿童肾功能降低（eGFR<90mL/min/1.73m2）之间的关联。我们还使用新旧儿科高血压指南评估血压（BP）。
结果：我们的分析包括NHANES的6336名儿童（12-15岁），代表了超过1300万美国人。使用更新的施瓦茨，LBW患儿肾功能降低的患病率为30.1%(25.2~35.6),而BW正常患儿为22.4%(20.5~24.3).方程得出了LBW中肾功能降低的患病率的不同估计，从Counahan-Barratt的21.5％到CGiD-U25的35.4％。与正常体重相比，有LBW和VLBW的参与者有7.2%和10.3%的血压升高患病率和2.4%和14.6%的高血压患病率。分别。
结论：出生时患有LBW的儿童比以前描述的有更高的肾功能下降和高血压的风险。更高分辨率版本的图形摘要可作为补充信息。
