Abstract：
In the United States, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) provides a specific framework for the disposition of Native American Ancestral remains within its purview. However, samples such as a bone fragment, tooth, or other biological tissue taken from the remains of these Ancestors have been treated by institutions and researchers as independent of the individual from whom they were removed and used in destructive research such as paleogenomic and other archaeometric analyses without consultation, consent, and collaboration from Native American communities; are not cared for in keeping with the current best practices for Indigenous Ancestors; and are not likely to be repatriated to their communities. Here, we demonstrate that any biological samples removed from Ancestors who are covered under NAGPRA must also be handled according to the stipulations defined for \"human remains\" within the legislation. As such, we are not proposing a change to existing legislation, but rather best practices, specific to the context of the United States and NAGPRA, relating to the use of and care for biological samples taken from Native American Ancestors.
摘要：
在美国,《美洲原住民坟墓保护和遣返法》（NAGPRA）为其职权范围内的美洲原住民祖先遗骸的处置提供了具体框架。然而,样本，如骨头碎片，牙齿,或从这些祖先的遗骸中取出的其他生物组织已被机构和研究人员视为独立于他们被移除的个体，并在未经咨询的情况下用于破坏性研究，如古基因组学和其他考古分析，同意,和美洲原住民社区的合作；没有按照土著祖先目前的最佳做法得到照顾；而且不太可能被遣返到他们的社区。这里,我们证明，从NAGPRA涵盖的祖先身上取出的任何生物样本也必须根据立法中“人类遗骸”定义的规定进行处理。因此，我们不建议修改现有立法，而是最佳实践，具体到美国和NAGPRA的背景，与使用和护理从美洲原住民祖先那里采集的生物样本有关。
