PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Using Poland as an example, it was shown that 41.6% of the requests for intervention in 2016-2021 by Environmental Protection Inspections were related to odour nuisance. Further analysis of the statistical data confirmed that approximately 5.4% of wastewater treatment plants in the group of municipal facilities were subject to complaints. Detailed identification of the subject of odour nuisance at wastewater treatment plants identified hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as the most common malodorous substances within these facilities. Moreover, the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia exceed the reference values for some substances in the air (0.02 mg/m3 for H2S and 0.4 mg/m3 for NH3). A thorough assessment of the properties of these substances made it clear that even in small concentrations they have a negative impact on the human body and the environment, and their degree of nuisance is described as high. In the two WWTPs analysed in Poland (WWTP 1 and WWTP 2), hydrogen sulphide concentrations were in the range of 0-41.86 mg/m3 (Long-Term Exposure Limit for H2S is 7.0 mg/m3), ammonia 0-1.43 mg/m3 and VOCs 0.60-134.79 ppm. The values recognised for H2S cause lacrimation, coughing, olfactory impairment, psychomotor agitation, and swelling of the cornea with photophobia. Recognition of the methods used in practice at WWTPs to reduce and control malodorous emissions indicates the possibility of protecting the environment and human health, but these solutions are ignored in most facilities due to the lack of requirements specified in legislation.
摘要：
以波兰为例，结果表明，2016-2021年环境保护检查提出的干预请求中有41.6％与气味令人讨厌有关。对统计数据的进一步分析证实，市政设施组中约有5.4％的废水处理厂受到投诉。详细识别污水处理厂的气味问题，确定硫化氢（H2S），氨（NH3）和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是这些设施中最常见的恶臭物质。此外，硫化氢和氨的浓度超过空气中某些物质的参考值（H2S为0.02mg/m3，NH3为0.4mg/m3）。对这些物质性质的全面评估清楚地表明，即使在低浓度下，它们也会对人体和环境产生负面影响，他们的滋扰程度被描述为很高。在波兰分析的两个污水处理厂(污水处理厂1号和污水处理厂2号)中，硫化氢浓度在0-41.86mg/m3范围内（H2S长期接触限值为7.0mg/m3），氨0-1.43mg/m3和VOCs0.60-134.79ppm。确认的H2S值会导致流泪，咳嗽,嗅觉损伤，精神运动性激动,角膜肿胀伴有畏光。认识到污水处理厂在实践中使用的减少和控制恶臭排放的方法表明有可能保护环境和人类健康，但是由于缺乏立法规定的要求，这些解决方案在大多数设施中被忽略。
