Abstract：
Triclocarban (TCC) has been used in consumer products and is a widespread contaminant in municipal wastewater treatment systems that ultimately accumulates in natural receiving water and soil. This work aims to apply an innovative hybrid moving entrapped bead activated sludge reactor (named \"HyMER\") that integrates entrapped TCC-degrading microbes and freely suspended activated sludge to treat TCC-contaminated wastewater. A previously isolated TCC-degrading bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MC46, called MC46) and barium alginate entrapment were applied. The synthetic TCC-contaminated wastewater treatment (with TCC concentration of 10 mg/L) was performed using 20-cycle fed-batch reactor operation with feeding times of 12 and 24 h and cycle times of 13 and 25 h. The results indicated that the HyMER effectively reduced chemical oxygen demand by up to 80 and 95 % and TCC by up to 53 and 83 %, respectively, with feeding times of 12 and 24 h. Three TCC degradation intermediate products were found-3,4-dichloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and aniline. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed shorter cells and bacterial appendage development as cell adaptations against TCC and its intermediates. The live/dead assay indicated high survival of entrapped MC46 in toxic conditions, with up to 84 % viable cells. Based on computational fluid dynamic analysis, no entrapped cell agglomeration showed in the reactor, indicating the potential application of HyMER for real wastewater treatment. These results exhibit the feasibility of HyMER and its applicability for future toxic wastewater treatment.
摘要：
三氯卡班（TCC）已用于消费品，是市政污水处理系统中的广泛污染物，最终会积聚在自然接收水和土壤中。这项工作旨在应用一种创新的混合移动截留珠活性污泥反应器（名为“HyMER”），该反应器集成了截留的TCC降解微生物和自由悬浮的活性污泥来处理TCC污染的废水。应用了先前分离的TCC降解细菌（荧光假单胞菌菌株MC46，称为MC46）和海藻酸钡包埋。合成TCC污染的废水处理（TCC浓度为10mg/L）使用20个循环的分批进料反应器操作进行，进料时间为12和24h，循环时间为13和25h。结果表明，HyMER有效地将化学需氧量降低了80％和95％，将TCC降低了53％和83％，分别,进料时间为12和24h。发现了三种TCC降解中间产物-3,4-二氯苯胺，4-氯苯胺,还有苯胺.扫描电子显微镜分析显示，较短的细胞和细菌附件的发育是针对TCC及其中间体的细胞适应。活/死试验表明，在毒性条件下，截留的MC46的存活率很高，高达84%的活细胞。基于计算流体动力学分析，反应器中没有显示出截留的细胞团聚，表明了HyMER在实际废水处理中的潜在应用。这些结果表明了HyMER的可行性及其在未来有毒废水处理中的适用性。
