Abstract：
Microbiome composition has been associated with insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. However, the contribution of major symbionts to the increasingly reported resistance escalation remains unclear. This study explores the possible association of a specific endosymbiont, Asaia spp., with elevated levels of pyrethroid resistance driven by cytochrome P450s enzymes and voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae. Molecular assays were used to detect the symbiont and resistance markers (CYP6P9a/b, 6.5 kb, L1014F, and N1575Y). Overall, genotyping of key mutations revealed an association with the resistance phenotype. The prevalence of Asaia spp. in the FUMOZ_X_FANG strain was associated with the resistance phenotype at a 5X dose of deltamethrin (OR = 25.7; p = 0.002). Mosquitoes with the resistant allele for the markers tested were significantly more infected with Asaia compared to those possessing the susceptible allele. Furthermore, the abundance correlated with the resistance phenotype at 1X concentration of deltamethrin (p = 0.02, Mann-Whitney test). However, for the MANGOUM_X_KISUMU strain, findings rather revealed an association between Asaia load and the susceptible phenotype (p = 0.04, Mann-Whitney test), demonstrating a negative link between the symbiont and permethrin resistance. These bacteria should be further investigated to establish its interactions with other resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance with other insecticide classes.
摘要：
微生物组组成与疟疾载体中的杀虫剂抗性有关。然而,主要共生体对越来越多报道的阻力升级的贡献仍不清楚。本研究探讨了特定内共生体的可能关联，Asaiaspp.,在按蚊和冈比亚按蚊中，由细胞色素P450酶和电压门控钠通道突变驱动的拟除虫菊酯抗性水平升高。分子测定用于检测共生体和抗性标记(CYP6P9a/b，6.5kb,L1014F,和N1575Y）。总的来说,关键突变的基因分型显示与耐药表型相关.Asaiaspp的患病率。在FUMOZ_X_FANG菌株中，溴氰菊酯的5X剂量与抗性表型相关（OR=25.7；p=0.002）。与具有易感等位基因的蚊子相比，具有所测试标记的抗性等位基因的蚊子明显更容易感染Asaia。此外，丰度与溴氰菊酯1X浓度下的抗性表型相关(p=0.02,Mann-Whitney检验)。然而,对于MANGOUM_X_KISUMU菌株，结果揭示了Asaia负荷与易感表型之间的关联(p=0.04，Mann-Whitney检验)，证明共生体和氯菊酯抗性之间存在负相关。应进一步研究这些细菌，以建立其与其他抗性机制的相互作用以及与其他杀虫剂类别的交叉抗性。
