Abstract：
In the contemporary era of early detection, with mostly curative initial treatment for prostate cancer (PC), mortality rates have significantly diminished. In addition, mean age at initial PC diagnosis has decreased. Despite technical advancements, the probability of erectile function (EF) recovery post radical prostatectomy (RP) has not significantly changed throughout the last decade. Due to virtually unavoidable intraoperative cavernous nerve (CN) lesions and operations with younger patients, post-RP erectile dysfunction (ED) has now begun affecting these younger patients. To address this pervasive limitation, a plethora of CN lesion animal model investigations have analyzed the use of systemic/local treatments for EF recovery post-RP. Most promisingly, neuregulins (NRGs) have demonstrated neurotrophic effects in both neurodegenerative disease and peripheral nerve injury models. Recently, glial growth factor 2 (GGF2) has demonstrated far superior, dose-dependent, neuroprotective/restorative effects in the CN injury rat model, as compared to previous therapeutic counterparts. Although potentially impactful, these initial findings remain limited and under-investigated. In an effort to aid clinicians, our paper reviews post-RP ED pathogenesis and currently available therapeutic tools. To stimulate further experimentation, a standardized preparation protocol and in-depth analysis of applications for the CN injury rat model is provided. Lastly, we report on NRGs, such as GGF2, and their potentially revolutionary clinical applications, in hopes of identifying relevant future research directions.
摘要：
在早期发现的当代，前列腺癌(PC)的初始治疗大多是治愈性的，死亡率显著下降。此外,初次PC诊断时的平均年龄有所下降.尽管技术进步,在过去十年中,前列腺癌根治术(RP)后勃起功能(EF)恢复的可能性没有显著变化.由于几乎不可避免的术中海绵状神经（CN）病变和年轻患者的手术，RP后勃起功能障碍（ED）现在已经开始影响这些年轻患者。为了解决这个普遍的限制，大量CN病变动物模型研究分析了系统/局部治疗在RP后EF恢复中的应用。最令人期待的是，神经调节蛋白（NRGs）在神经退行性疾病和周围神经损伤模型中均显示出神经营养作用。最近,胶质生长因子2(GGF2)已经证明了远远优于，剂量依赖性，CN损伤大鼠模型的神经保护/修复作用，与以前的治疗方法相比。尽管有潜在影响，这些初步发现仍然有限且调查不足.为了帮助临床医生，本文回顾了RP后ED的发病机制和目前可用的治疗工具。为了刺激进一步的实验，提供了CN损伤大鼠模型的标准化制备方案和应用的深入分析。最后,我们报告了NRG，如GGF2及其潜在的革命性临床应用，希望确定相关的未来研究方向。
