Abstract：
Fruits and vegetables are a vital source of redox-active phytochemicals in the diet. Traditional green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a rich source of carotenoids, dietary fiber, minerals, phenols, vitamins, and tocopherols and are commonly consumed in rural areas worldwide. In traditional Korean medicine, many GLVs are used to treat various ailments. However, data on the carotenoid and tocopherol content of many traditional GLVs consumed in the Republic of Korea are insufficient. The current work aims to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol profiles of 18 traditional GLVs by utilizing a single ion monitoring LC-MS approach to identify the potential GLVs for commercial cultivation and healthy diet formulations. Among the traditional GLVs investigated, (all-E)-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid, ranging from 44.4% in Glehnia littoralis to 52.1% in Heracleum moellendorffii. It was followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. The highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin (75.6 µg/g FW), 9-Z-neoxanthin (48.4 µg/g FW), (all-E)-luteoxanthin (10.8 µg/g FW), (all-E)-lutein (174.1 µg/g FW), total xanthophylls (310.5 µg/g FW), (all-E)-β-carotene (69.6 µg/g FW), and total carotenoids (380.1 µg/g FW) were recorded in Pimpinella brachycarpa. Surprisingly, Taraxacum mongolicum also showed the highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin, (all-E)-lutein, and total carotenoids, which were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05, Tukey HSD) with P. brachycarpa. The highest concentration of (all-E)-zeaxanthin (14.4 µg/g FW) was recorded in Solidago virga-aurea. Among the studied herbs, 13.9 (H. moellendorffii)-133.6 µg/g FW (Toona sinensis) of α-tocopherol was recorded. Overall, the results suggest that P. brachycarpa and T. mongolicum are rich sources of carotenoids. On the other hand, T. sinensis is a rich source of α-tocopherol. These GLVs can be utilized in the diet to enhance the intake of health-beneficial carotenoids and α-tocopherol.
摘要：
水果和蔬菜是饮食中氧化还原活性植物化学物质的重要来源。传统绿叶蔬菜（GLVs）是类胡萝卜素的丰富来源，膳食纤维，矿物,酚类物质,维生素,和生育酚，通常在世界各地的农村地区消费。在韩国传统医学中，许多GLV用于治疗各种疾病。然而,在大韩民国消费的许多传统GLV的类胡萝卜素和生育酚含量的数据不足。目前的工作旨在通过利用单离子监测LC-MS方法来比较18种传统GLV的类胡萝卜素和生育酚概况，以确定用于商业种植和健康饮食配方的潜在GLV。在调查的传统GLVs中，（全E）-叶黄素是最丰富的类胡萝卜素，范围从左叶石脑片的44.4%到赫拉回肠的52.1%。其次是（全E）-紫黄质和（全E）-β-胡萝卜素。（全E）-紫黄质含量最高（75.6µg/gFW），9-Z-新黄质（48.4µg/gFW），（全E）-黄黄素（10.8µg/gFW），（全E）-叶黄素（174.1µg/gFW），总叶黄素（310.5µg/gFW），（全E）-β-胡萝卜素（69.6µg/gFW），和总的类胡萝卜素（380.1µg/gFW）记录在短果肉中。令人惊讶的是,蒲公英的(全E)-紫黄质含量也最高,（全E）-叶黄素，和总类胡萝卜素，与P.brachycarpa无统计学意义（p>0.05，TukeyHSD）。（全E）-玉米黄质（14.4µg/gFW）的最高浓度记录在Solidagoviga-aurea中。在研究的草药中，13.9(H.moellendorffii）-133.6µg/gFW（香菇）的α-生育酚。总的来说,结果表明，胡杨和蒙古叶是类胡萝卜素的丰富来源。另一方面,T.sinensis是α-生育酚的丰富来源。这些GLV可用于饮食中以增强对健康有益的类胡萝卜素和α-生育酚的摄入。
