PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose causative agent is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. This virus is predominantly transmitted via respiratory droplets and shed via sputum, saliva, urine, and stool. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been able to monitor the circulation of viral pathogens in the population. This tool demands both in-lab and computational work to be meaningful for, among other purposes, the prediction of outbreaks. In this context, we present a systematic review that organizes and discusses laboratory procedures for SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification from a wastewater matrix, along with modeling techniques applied to the development of WBE for COVID-19 surveillance. The goal of this review is to present the current panorama of WBE operational aspects as well as to identify current challenges related to it. Our review was conducted in a reproducible manner by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. We identified a lack of standardization in wastewater analytical procedures. Regardless, the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) approach was the most reported technique employed to detect and quantify viral RNA in wastewater samples. As a more convenient sample matrix, we suggest the solid portion of wastewater to be considered in future investigations due to its higher viral load compared to the liquid fraction. Regarding the epidemiological modeling, the data-driven approach was consistently used for the prediction of variables associated with outbreaks. Future efforts should also be directed toward the development of rapid, more economical, portable, and accurate detection devices.
摘要：
2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织宣布2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19），其病原体是严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），大流行。这种病毒主要通过呼吸道飞沫传播，并通过痰液传播，唾液,尿液,和凳子。基于废水的流行病学（WBE）已经能够监测人群中病毒性病原体的循环。这个工具要求实验室和计算工作都有意义，除其他目的外，对疫情的预测。在这种情况下，我们提出了一个系统的审查，组织和讨论了实验室程序，SARS-CoV-2RNA定量从废水基质，以及应用于COVID-19监测的WBE开发的建模技术。本次审查的目的是介绍WBE运营方面的当前全景，并确定与之相关的当前挑战。我们的审查是通过遵循PRISMA系统审查指南以可重复的方式进行的。我们发现废水分析程序缺乏标准化。无论如何,实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）方法是用于检测和定量废水样品中病毒RNA的最多报道技术。作为更方便的样本矩阵，我们建议在未来的调查中考虑废水的固体部分，因为与液体部分相比，其病毒载量较高。关于流行病学建模，数据驱动方法一直用于预测与疫情相关的变量.未来的努力也应该朝着快速发展的方向发展，更经济,便携式，和精确的检测设备。
