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Abstract：
To understand the production and characteristics of protein hydrolysates pertaining to individual fish species, we selected and analyzed the most important commercial fish species according to the market value based on the Statistics on International Exports of Fishery Commodities by Food and Agriculture Organization. Accordingly, salmon, shrimp, cod, tuna, squid, and herring are marine species with high global value. Peptides obtained from their by-products were predominant in hydrophobic amino acids such as alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, proline, valine, tyrosine, tryptophan, leucine, and isoleucine. Bioactive peptides are short with a length of 2-20 amino acids. They remain inactive when they are within their parent proteins. Low molecular weight (0.3-8 kDa) peptides from hydrolyzed protein are easily digestible, readily absorbed by the body and are water-soluble. The hydrophobic nature contributes to their bioactivity, which facilitates their interactions with the membrane lipid bilayers. Incomplete hydrolysis results in low yields of hydrophobic amino acids. The glycosylation type of the resulting peptide fragment determines the different applications of the hydrolysate. The degree of conservation of the glycosidic residues and the size of the peptides are influenced by the method used to generate these hydrolysates. Therefore, it is crucial to explore inexpensive novel methodologies to generate bioactive peptides. According to the current studies, a unified approach (in silico estimation coupled with peptidomics) can be used for the identification of novel peptides with diverse physiological and technological functions. From an industrial perspective, the reusability of immobilized enzymes and membrane separation techniques (e.g., ultrafiltration) on marine by-products can offer low operating costs and higher yield for large-scale production of bioactive peptides. This review summarizes the production processes and essential characteristics of protein hydrolysates from fish by-products and presents the advances in their application.
摘要：
为了了解与单个鱼类有关的蛋白质水解产物的生产和特征，我们根据粮食及农业组织的国际渔业商品出口统计数据，根据市场价值选择和分析了最重要的商业鱼类。因此，鲑鱼,虾,cod,金枪鱼,鱿鱼,鲱鱼是具有很高全球价值的海洋物种。从它们的副产物中获得的肽在疏水性氨基酸如丙氨酸中占优势,苯丙氨酸,蛋氨酸,脯氨酸,缬氨酸,酪氨酸,色氨酸,亮氨酸,和异亮氨酸.生物活性肽短,长度为2-20个氨基酸。当它们在它们的亲本蛋白质内时,它们保持非活性。来自水解蛋白的低分子量（0.3-8kDa）肽易于消化，容易被人体吸收，并且是水溶性的。疏水性有助于它们的生物活性，这促进了它们与膜脂双层的相互作用。不完全水解导致疏水性氨基酸的低收率。所得肽片段的糖基化类型决定了水解产物的不同应用。糖苷残基的保守程度和肽的大小受用于产生这些水解产物的方法的影响。因此,探索廉价的新方法来产生生物活性肽是至关重要的。根据目前的研究,一种统一的方法（计算机模拟评估与肽组学相结合）可用于鉴定具有多种生理和技术功能的新型肽。从工业的角度来看,固定化酶和膜分离技术的可重用性(例如，超滤）在海洋副产品上可以为大规模生产生物活性肽提供低操作成本和更高的产量。本文综述了鱼副产品蛋白水解产物的生产工艺和基本特征，并介绍了其应用进展。
