关键词： ARI, acute respiratory illness BG, black ginseng BVDV, bovine viral diarrhea virus CHB, chronic hepatitis B CSFV, classical swine fever virus CVBs, group B coxsackieviruses DAA, direct-acting antiviral therapies EBV, the Epstein-Barr virus EV, enterovirus EV71, human enterovirus 71 GCRV, grass carp reovirus GSLS, Ginseng stem-leaf saponins HAART, highly active antiretroviral drug therapy HBV, hepatitis B virus HCV, Hepatitis C virus HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HP, highly pathogenic HSV, herpes simplex virus HVJ, hemagglutinating virus of Japan IFN-1, type-I interferon JAK, janus kinase JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase KRG, Korean Red Ginseng KSHV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus MHV-68, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 NDV, Newcastle disease virus NK, natural killer PNAB, PEGylated nanoparticle albumin-bound PNR, P. notoginseng root water extract PPD, protopanaxadiol PPT, protopanaxatriol PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Panax ginseng RSV, respiratory syncytial virus RV, rotavirus STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription antiviral activity ginseng ginsenosides mechanism of action

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.jgr.2022.11.003   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract：
Viral infections are known as one of the major factors causing death. Ginseng is a medicinal plant that demonstrated a wide range of antiviral potential, and saponins are the major bioactive ingredients in the genus Panax with vast therapeutic potential. Studies focusing on the antiviral activity of the genus Panax plant-derived agents (extracts and saponins) and their mechanisms were identified and summarized, including contributions mainly from January 2016 until January 2022. P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius were included in the review as valuable medicinal herbs against infections with 14 types of viruses. Reports from 9 extracts and 12 bioactive saponins were included, with 6 types of protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides and 6 types of protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides. The mechanisms mainly involved the inhibition of viral attachment and replication, the modulation of immune response by regulating signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. This review includes detailed information about the mentioned antiviral effects of the genus Panax extracts and saponins in vitro and in vivo, and in human clinical trials, which provides a scientific basis for ginseng as an adjunctive therapeutic drug or nutraceutical.
摘要：
已知病毒感染是导致死亡的主要因素之一。人参是一种药用植物，具有广泛的抗病毒潜力，皂苷和皂苷是人参属中的主要生物活性成分，具有巨大的治疗潜力。重点研究了人参属植物来源的药物（提取物和皂苷）的抗病毒活性及其机制进行了鉴定和总结，包括主要从2016年1月至2022年1月的捐款。人参，三七,和quinquefolius被纳入该综述，作为抗14种病毒感染的有价值的草药。包括9种提取物和12种生物活性皂苷的报告，含6种原人参二醇(PPD)人参皂苷和6种原人参三醇(PPT)人参皂苷。其机制主要涉及抑制病毒的附着和复制,通过调节信号通路调节免疫反应，包括Janus激酶（JAK）/信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT）通路，胱硫醚γ-裂解酶（CSE）/硫化氢（H2S）途径，磷酸肌醇依赖性激酶-1(PDK1)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路,c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）/激活蛋白-1（AP-1）途径，和核因子κ-活化B细胞轻链增强子（NF-κB）途径。这篇综述包括有关人参属提取物和皂苷在体外和体内的抗病毒作用的详细信息，在人体临床试验中，这为人参作为辅助治疗药物或保健品提供了科学依据。
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