PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Given that noncompliance is the most common externalizing problem during middle childhood and reliably predicts significant conduct problems, innovations in elucidating its etiology are sorely needed. Evaluation of in-the-moment antecedents and consequences of child noncompliance improves traction on this goal, given that multiple theories contend that child noncompliance and parent behavior mutually influence each other through negative reciprocation as well as contingent praise processes. Among a sample of 140 families (child age: 6-10 years; 32.1% female), the present study capitalized on intensive repeated measures of observed child noncompliance and parent negative talk and praise objectively coded during three unique tasks. We employed dynamic structural equation modeling to evaluate within-dyad parent-child behavioral dynamics and between-dyad differences therein. Results provided mixed support for hypotheses and suggested that antecedents and consequences of child noncompliance differed according to task demands and child ADHD symptoms. Contrary to models of coercive cycles, during child-led play, parent negative talk was more likely following prior child noncompliance, but child noncompliance was less likely following prior parent negative talk. As expected, during parent-led play, parent praise was less likely following prior child noncompliance, which was also less likely following prior parent praise. Relative to youth with fewer symptoms, for children with elevated ADHD symptoms, during a challenging clean-up task, child noncompliance was less stable and less contingent on prior parent negative talk. Results are discussed in terms of their implications of real-time parent-child interactions for typical and atypical development of externalizing problems.
摘要：
鉴于不合规是儿童中期最常见的外部化问题，并且可以可靠地预测重大行为问题，迫切需要创新来阐明其病因。对儿童不遵守行为的即时先例和后果的评估可提高对这一目标的牵引力，鉴于多种理论认为，孩子的不遵守行为和父母的行为通过消极的互惠以及偶然的表扬过程相互影响。在140个家庭的样本中（儿童年龄：6-10岁；32.1％为女性），本研究利用了在三项独特任务中对观察到的儿童不遵守行为和父母负面谈话和客观表扬的密集重复测量。我们采用动态结构方程模型来评估dyad内亲子行为动力学及其之间的差异。结果为假设提供了混合支持，并表明根据任务需求和儿童ADHD症状，儿童不依从性的前兆和后果有所不同。与强制循环模型相反，在儿童主导的游戏中，父母的负面谈话更有可能是因为先前的孩子不遵守，但是在先前的父母负面谈话之后，儿童不遵守的可能性较小。不出所料,在父母主导的游戏中，在之前的孩子不遵守规定之后，父母表扬的可能性较小，在先前的父母称赞之后，这也不太可能。相对于症状较少的年轻人，对于多动症症状升高的儿童，在一项具有挑战性的清理任务中，儿童不遵从性较不稳定,较少依赖于先前的家长负面谈话.根据实时亲子互动对外部化问题的典型和非典型发展的影响来讨论结果。
