Abstract：
Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end stage renal disease (ESRD). Indian regulations defined under Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act (THOTA), 2014 restricts organ donations to near-related living donors to curb any malpractices like \'paid donors\' in living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). The aim of our study was to look at real-world data of donor-recipient pairs and to identify relationship of donors (with their respective patients) and the common (or uncommon) DNA profiling methods used for supporting \"claimed relationship\" in accordance with the regulations.
The donors were categorized and grouped into near-related donor, donors other than near-related donors, swap donors and deceased donors. Claimed relationship was confirmed, commonly by HLA typing, using SSOP method. In few cases, which were uncommon (and infrequent), autosomal DNA analysis, mitochondrial DNA analysis and Y-STR DNA analysis were performed to support the claimed relationship. Data collected included age, gender, relationship, DNA profiling test method.
Among the 514 donor-recipient pairs evaluated, numbers of female donors out-numbered male donors. The decreasing order of relationships in near-related donor group were wife>mother>father>sister>son>brother>husband> daughter>grandmother. 11.9% of donors were in the category of donors other than near-related donors. In 97.86% cases, the claimed relationship was supported by HLA typing and in just 2.1% cases autosomal DNA analysis>mitochondrial DNA analysis> Y-STR DNA analysis, in this order, were performed to establish relationship.
This study brought out gender disparity with women out-numbering men as donors. Among recipients, access to renal transplant was largely restricted to men. As far as relationship of donors to recipients was concerned, mostly near-related family members, like wife, were donors and claimed relationship was almost always (99%) was corroborated by HLA typing.
The donors were categorized and grouped into near-related donor, donors other than near-related donors, swap donors and deceased donors. Claimed relationship was confirmed, commonly by HLA typing, using SSOP method. In few cases, which were uncommon (and infrequent), autosomal DNA analysis, mitochondrial DNA analysis and Y-STR DNA analysis were performed to support the claimed relationship. Data collected included age, gender, relationship, DNA profiling test method.
Among the 514 donor-recipient pairs evaluated, numbers of female donors out-numbered male donors. The decreasing order of relationships in near-related donor group were wife>mother>father>sister>son>brother>husband> daughter>grandmother. 11.9% of donors were in the category of donors other than near-related donors. In 97.86% cases, the claimed relationship was supported by HLA typing and in just 2.1% cases autosomal DNA analysis>mitochondrial DNA analysis> Y-STR DNA analysis, in this order, were performed to establish relationship.
This study brought out gender disparity with women out-numbering men as donors. Among recipients, access to renal transplant was largely restricted to men. As far as relationship of donors to recipients was concerned, mostly near-related family members, like wife, were donors and claimed relationship was almost always (99%) was corroborated by HLA typing.
摘要：
背景：肾移植是终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的首选治疗方法。根据《人体器官和组织移植法》（THOTA）定义的印度法规，2014年将器官捐赠限制为近亲活体捐献者，以遏制活体肾移植（LDKT）中的“有偿捐献者”等任何弊端。我们研究的目的是查看供体-受体对的真实数据，并确定供体（与各自患者）的关系以及用于支持“声称关系”的常见（或不常见）DNA分析方法。
方法：将供体分类并分组为近亲供体，近亲捐助者以外的捐助者，交换捐赠者和已故捐赠者。声称的关系得到确认，通常通过HLA分型，使用SSOP方法。在少数情况下，这是不常见的（和罕见的），常染色体DNA分析,进行了线粒体DNA分析和Y-STRDNA分析以支持所主张的关系.收集的数据包括年龄，性别,关系,DNA谱分析测试方法。
结果：在评估的514个供体-受体对中，女性捐赠者数量超过男性捐赠者数量。近亲供体组关系的降序为妻子>母亲>父亲>姐妹>儿子>兄弟>丈夫>女儿>祖母。11.9％的捐助者属于近亲捐助者以外的捐助者类别。在97.86%的案例中，声称的关系得到了HLA分型的支持，仅在2.1％的病例中常染色体DNA分析>线粒体DNA分析>Y-STRDNA分析，按照这个顺序,是为了建立关系而进行的。
结论：这项研究显示了性别不平等，女性的捐赠者数量超过男性。在收件人中，接受肾脏移植的机会主要限于男性。就捐助者与接受者的关系而言，大多数是近亲家庭成员，像妻子一样，是捐赠者和声称的关系几乎总是(99%)通过HLA分型得到证实。
方法：将供体分类并分组为近亲供体，近亲捐助者以外的捐助者，交换捐赠者和已故捐赠者。声称的关系得到确认，通常通过HLA分型，使用SSOP方法。在少数情况下，这是不常见的（和罕见的），常染色体DNA分析,进行了线粒体DNA分析和Y-STRDNA分析以支持所主张的关系.收集的数据包括年龄，性别,关系,DNA谱分析测试方法。
结果：在评估的514个供体-受体对中，女性捐赠者数量超过男性捐赠者数量。近亲供体组关系的降序为妻子>母亲>父亲>姐妹>儿子>兄弟>丈夫>女儿>祖母。11.9％的捐助者属于近亲捐助者以外的捐助者类别。在97.86%的案例中，声称的关系得到了HLA分型的支持，仅在2.1％的病例中常染色体DNA分析>线粒体DNA分析>Y-STRDNA分析，按照这个顺序,是为了建立关系而进行的。
结论：这项研究显示了性别不平等，女性的捐赠者数量超过男性。在收件人中，接受肾脏移植的机会主要限于男性。就捐助者与接受者的关系而言，大多数是近亲家庭成员，像妻子一样，是捐赠者和声称的关系几乎总是(99%)通过HLA分型得到证实。
