Abstract：
The environmental pollution caused by chemical dyes is a growing concern nowadays. Limitations of traditional methods opened the route for nanotechnology; owing to the versatile properties of nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) became a potential strategy for different applications. In the present study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (BioAuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with cell-free filtrate of Penicillium rubens sp. nov. NCIM 1937. The AuNPs were then characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, HR-TEM, FTIR, and DLS analysis to further examine their efficacious biosynthesis and morphological properties including size, shape, and stability. The biogenic AuNPs are polydisperse in nature, with a mean size of 14.92 ± 5 nm. These AuNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli NCIM-2065, Bacillus subtilis NCIM-2010, and Penicillium verrucosum MTCC 4935. In vitro quantitative HPLC results revealed that BioAuNPs significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A (OTA). Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are intriguing for power generation and wastewater treatment since they can directly transform chemical energy stored in organic matter to electricity by extracellular electron transfer (EET) via membrane proteins. AuNPs also showed excellent potential for dye degradation of organic pollutants, viz., methylene blue (MB), phenol red (PR), bromothymol blue (BTB), Congo red (CR), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). All dye removal efficiencies were estimated and fitted to pseudo-first-order processes using kinetic rate constants (Ka).The present study reveals a simple, original, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of multifunctional biogenic AuNPs that could be effective in OTA detoxification in food products and organic pollutant removal during wastewater treatment for a sustainable environment.
摘要：
化学染料引起的环境污染是当今人们日益关注的问题。传统方法的局限性为纳米技术开辟了道路；由于纳米材料的通用性，金纳米粒子（AuNPs）成为不同应用的潜在策略。在本研究中,金纳米颗粒（BioAuNP）的生物合成是通过使氯金酸（HAuCl4）与红青霉菌的无细胞滤液反应进行的。11月。NCIM1937。然后通过紫外可见光谱对AuNP进行表征，HR-TEM,FTIR,和DLS分析，以进一步检查其有效的生物合成和形态特性，包括大小，形状,和稳定性。生物AuNP本质上是多分散的，平均尺寸为14.92±5nm。这些AuNP对大肠杆菌NCIM-2065，枯草芽孢杆菌NCIM-2010和疣状青霉MTCC4935表现出有希望的抗菌活性。体外定量HPLC结果表明，BioAuNPs显着抑制曲霉毒素A（OTA）的生物合成。微生物燃料电池（MFC）对发电和废水处理具有吸引力，因为它们可以通过膜蛋白通过细胞外电子转移（EET）将储存在有机物中的化学能直接转化为电能。AuNPs还显示出优异的染料降解有机污染物的潜力，viz.,亚甲蓝(MB),酚红(PR),溴百里酚蓝（BTB），刚果红(CR),和4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)。使用动力学速率常数（Ka）估算所有染料去除效率并将其拟合到伪一级过程。本研究揭示了一个简单的，原创,和用于合成多功能生物AuNPs的生态友好方法，该方法可有效用于食品中的OTA解毒和废水处理过程中的有机污染物去除，以实现可持续环境。
