Abstract：
The aim of this study was to psychophysically evaluate the prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction 2 years after mildly symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared to that observed at 1-year follow-up and while considering the background of chemosensory dysfunction in the no-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) population.
This is a prospective case-control study on 93 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection and 93 matched controls. Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was assessed by 22-item Sino-Nasal-Outcome Test (SNOT-22), item \"Sense of smell or taste.\" Psychophysical orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function and gustatory performance were estimated using the extended Sniffin\' Sticks test battery, 20 powdered tasteless aromas, and taste strips test, respectively. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was assessed by sniffing a 70% solution of acetic acid.
The two psychophysical assessments of chemosensory function took place after a median of 409 days (range, 366-461 days) and 765 days (range, 739-800 days) from the first SARS-CoV-2-positive swab, respectively. At 2-year follow-up, cases exhibited a decrease in the prevalence of olfactory (27.9% vs. 42.0%; absolute difference, -14.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -21.8% to -2.6%; p = 0.016) and gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 25.8%; absolute difference, -11.8%; 95% CI, -24.2% to 0.6%; p = 0.098). Subjects with prior COVID-19 were more likely than controls to have an olfactory dysfunction (27.9% vs. 10.8 %; absolute difference, 17.2%; 95% CI, 5.2% to 28.8%) but not gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 9.7%; absolute difference, 4.3%; 95% CI, -5.8% to 14.4% p = 0.496) still 2 years after the infection. Overall, 3.2% of cases were still anosmic 2 years after the infection.
Although a proportion of subjects recovered from long-lasting smell/taste dysfunction more than 1 year after COVID-19, cases still exhibited a significant excess of olfactory dysfunction 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to matched controls.
This is a prospective case-control study on 93 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection and 93 matched controls. Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was assessed by 22-item Sino-Nasal-Outcome Test (SNOT-22), item \"Sense of smell or taste.\" Psychophysical orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function and gustatory performance were estimated using the extended Sniffin\' Sticks test battery, 20 powdered tasteless aromas, and taste strips test, respectively. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was assessed by sniffing a 70% solution of acetic acid.
The two psychophysical assessments of chemosensory function took place after a median of 409 days (range, 366-461 days) and 765 days (range, 739-800 days) from the first SARS-CoV-2-positive swab, respectively. At 2-year follow-up, cases exhibited a decrease in the prevalence of olfactory (27.9% vs. 42.0%; absolute difference, -14.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -21.8% to -2.6%; p = 0.016) and gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 25.8%; absolute difference, -11.8%; 95% CI, -24.2% to 0.6%; p = 0.098). Subjects with prior COVID-19 were more likely than controls to have an olfactory dysfunction (27.9% vs. 10.8 %; absolute difference, 17.2%; 95% CI, 5.2% to 28.8%) but not gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 9.7%; absolute difference, 4.3%; 95% CI, -5.8% to 14.4% p = 0.496) still 2 years after the infection. Overall, 3.2% of cases were still anosmic 2 years after the infection.
Although a proportion of subjects recovered from long-lasting smell/taste dysfunction more than 1 year after COVID-19, cases still exhibited a significant excess of olfactory dysfunction 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to matched controls.
摘要：
背景：这项研究的目的是通过心理物理学评估轻度症状的SARS-CoV-2感染后两年的嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的患病率，与一年随访时观察到的情况相比，同时考虑非COVID-19人群的化学感觉功能障碍的背景。
方法：这是一项前瞻性病例对照研究，其中93名PCR阳性SARS-CoV-2感染患者和93名匹配的对照。自我报告的嗅觉和味觉功能障碍通过鼻鼻结果测试22，项目“嗅觉或味觉”进行评估。使用扩展的Sniffin\'Sticks测试电池估计了心理物理的正交和鼻后嗅觉功能和味觉性能，20粉末无味的香气，和味条测试，分别。通过嗅闻70%的乙酸溶液来评估鼻三叉神经敏感性。
结果：在第一次SARS-CoV-2阳性拭子的中位数为409天（范围：366-461）和765天（范围：739-800）后，对化学感受功能进行了两次心理物理评估。分别。在两年的随访中，病例表现出嗅觉患病率下降(27.9%vs42.0%;绝对差异,-14.0％;95％CI，-21.8％至-2.6％；p=0.016）和味觉功能障碍（14.0％vs25.8％；绝对差异，-11.8%；95%CI，-24.2%至0.6%；p=0.098）。既往有COVID-19的受试者比对照组更可能有嗅觉(27.9%对10.8%；绝对差异，17.2％;95％CI，5.2％至28.8％），但非味觉功能障碍（14.0％vs9.7％；绝对差异，4.3％；95％CI，-5.8％至14.4％p=0.496）仍在感染后两年。总的来说,3.2％的病例在感染后两年仍处于昏迷状态。
结论：虽然有一部分受试者在COVID-19后一年以上从持久的嗅觉/味觉功能障碍中恢复过来，但与对照组相比，在SARS-CoV-2感染后两年，病例仍然表现出明显的嗅觉功能障碍。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
方法：这是一项前瞻性病例对照研究，其中93名PCR阳性SARS-CoV-2感染患者和93名匹配的对照。
结果：在第一次SARS-CoV-2阳性拭子的中位数为409天（范围：366-461）和765天（范围：739-800）后，对化学感受功能进行了两次心理物理评估。
结论：虽然有一部分受试者在COVID-19后一年以上从持久的嗅觉/味觉功能障碍中恢复过来，但与对照组相比，在SARS-CoV-2感染后两年，病例仍然表现出明显的嗅觉功能障碍。
