Abstract：
The mucosal environment of the upper respiratory tract is the first barrier of protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the mucosal factors involved in viral transmission and potentially modulating the capacity to prevent such transmission have not fully been identified. In this pilot proteomics study, we compared mucosal and systemic compartments in a South African cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals undergoing maxillofacial surgery with previous history of COVID-19 or not. Inflammatory profiles were analyzed in plasma, nasopharyngeal swabs, and nasal and oral tissue explant cultures, using Olink and Luminex technologies. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were measured in serum and tissue explants. An increased pro-inflammatory proteomic profile was measured in the nasal compartment compared to plasma. However, IP-10 and MIG levels were higher in secretions than in nasal tissue, and the opposite was observed for TGF-β. Nasal anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG correlated with mucosal MIG expression for all participants. A further positive correlation was found with IP-10 in BioNTech/Pfizer-vaccinated individuals. Systemic levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG elicited by this vaccine correlated with plasma IL-10, IL-6 and HBD4. Proteomic profiles measured in mucosal tissues and secretions using combined technologies could reveal correlates of protection at the mucosal portals of viral entry.
摘要：
上呼吸道的粘膜环境是防止SARS-CoV-2传播的第一道屏障。然而,与病毒传播有关的粘膜因子以及潜在的调节预防这种传播的能力尚未完全确定。在这项蛋白质组学试验研究中，我们比较了南非队列中接受颌面手术的接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体的粘膜和全身区室,这些个体具有或没有COVID-19的既往史.在血浆中分析炎症谱，鼻咽拭子,鼻和口腔组织外植体培养，使用Olink和Luminex技术。在血清和组织外植体中测量SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体水平。与血浆相比,在鼻室中测量到增加的促炎蛋白质组谱。然而,分泌物中的IP-10和MIG水平高于鼻腔组织，而TGF-β则相反。所有参与者的鼻抗SARS-CoV-2峰值IgG与粘膜MIG表达相关。在BioNTech/Pfizer疫苗接种的个体中发现与IP-10的进一步正相关。该疫苗引起的抗SARS-CoV-2尖峰IgG的全身水平与血浆IL-10，IL-6和HBD4相关。使用组合技术在粘膜组织和分泌物中测量的蛋白质组谱可以揭示病毒进入的粘膜入口处的保护相关性。
