Abstract：
Chagas disease is a chronic systemic infection transmitted by Trypanosoma cruzi. Its life cycle consists of different stages in vector insects and host mammals. Trypanosoma cruzi strains cause different clinical manifestations of Chagas disease alongside geographic differences in morbidity and mortality. Natural killer cells provide the cytokine interferon-gamma in the initial phases of T. cruzi infection. Phagocytes secrete cytokines that promote inflammation and activation of other cells involved in defence. Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages modulate the adaptive immune response, and B lymphocytes activate an effective humoral immune response to T. cruzi. This review focuses on the main immune mechanisms acting during T. cruzi infection, on the strategies activated by the pathogen against the host cells, on the processes involved in inflammasome and virulence factors and on the new strategies for preventing, controlling and treating this disease.
摘要：
锥虫病是由克氏锥虫传播的慢性全身性感染。其生命周期由媒介昆虫和宿主哺乳动物的不同阶段组成。克氏锥虫菌株引起恰加斯病的临床表现不同，发病率和死亡率也不同。自然杀伤细胞在克氏锥虫感染的初始阶段提供细胞因子干扰素-γ。吞噬细胞分泌促进炎症和参与防御的其他细胞活化的细胞因子。树突状细胞,单核细胞和巨噬细胞调节适应性免疫反应，B淋巴细胞激活对克氏毛虫的有效体液免疫应答。本文综述了克氏锥虫感染过程中的主要免疫机制。关于病原体针对宿主细胞激活的策略，关于炎症和毒力因子的过程以及新的预防策略，控制和治疗这种疾病。
