Abstract：
Spain is the world\'s leading producer of cherimoya, a climacteric fruit highly appreciated by consumers. However, this fruit species is very sensitive to chilling injury (CI), which limits its storage. In the present experiments, the effects of melatonin applied as dipping treatment on cherimoya fruit CI, postharvest ripening and quality properties were evaluated during storage at 7 °C + 2 days at 20 °C. The results showed that melatonin treatments (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mM) delayed CI, ion leakage, chlorophyll losses and the increases in total phenolic content and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in cherimoya peel for 2 weeks with respect to controls. In addition, the increases in total soluble solids and titratable acidity in flesh tissue were also delayed in melatonin-treated fruit, and there was also reduced firmness loss compared with the control, the highest effects being found for the 0.05 mM dose. This treatment led to maintenance of fruit quality traits and to increases in the storage time up to 21 days, 14 days more than the control fruit. Thus, melatonin treatment, especially at 0.05 mM concentration, could be a useful tool to decrease CI damage in cherimoya fruit, with additional effects on retarding postharvest ripening and senescence processes and on maintaining quality parameters. These effects were attributed to a delay in the climacteric ethylene production, which was delayed for 1, 2 and 3 weeks for 0.01, 0.1 and 0.05 mM doses, respectively. However, the effects of melatonin on gene expression and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene production deserves further research.
摘要：
西班牙是世界上最大的番荔枝生产国,消费者高度赞赏的更年期水果。然而,这种水果对冷害(CI)非常敏感，这限制了它的存储。在目前的实验中,在7°C+20°C下2天的储存过程中，评估了作为浸渍处理的褪黑激素对番荔枝果实，采后成熟和品质特性的影响。结果表明,褪黑素处理(0.01,0.05,0.1mM)延缓CI,离子渗漏,与对照组相比，番荔枝果皮的叶绿素损失和总酚含量以及亲水和亲脂抗氧化活性的增加持续2周。此外,在褪黑激素处理的水果中，肉组织中总可溶性固形物和可滴定酸度的增加也被延迟，与对照组相比，硬度损失也减少了，对于0.05mM剂量发现最高的影响。这种处理导致保持果实品质性状，并增加贮藏时间长达21天，比对照果实多14天。因此，褪黑素治疗,特别是在0.05mM浓度下，可能是降低番荔枝果实损害的有用工具，对延缓采后成熟和衰老过程以及保持质量参数具有额外的影响。这些影响归因于更年期乙烯产生的延迟，在0.01、0.1和0.05mM剂量下延迟1、2和3周，分别。然而,褪黑激素对乙烯生产中基因表达和酶活性的影响值得进一步研究。
