Abstract：
Vitreous substitutes are indispensable tools in vitreoretinal surgery. The two crucial functions of these substitutes are their ability to displace intravitreal fluid from the retinal surface and to allow the retina to adhere to the retinal pigment epithelium. Today, vitreoretinal surgeons can choose among a plethora of vitreous tamponades, and the tamponade of choice might be difficult to determine in the ever-expanding range of possibilities for a favorable outcome. The currently available vitreous substitutes have disadvantages that need to be addressed to improve the surgical outcome achievable today. Herein, the fundamental physical and chemical proprieties of all vitreous substitutes are reported, and their use and clinical applications are described alongside some surgical techniques of intra-operative manipulation. The major upcoming developments in vitreous substitutes are extensively discussed, keeping a translational perspective throughout. Conclusions on future perspectives are derived through an in-depth analysis of what is lacking today in terms of desired outcomes and biomaterials technology.
摘要：
玻璃体代用品是玻璃体视网膜手术中不可或缺的工具。这些替代物的两个关键功能是它们从视网膜表面移位玻璃体内液体并允许视网膜粘附到视网膜色素上皮的能力。今天,玻璃体视网膜外科医生可以选择过多的玻璃体填塞剂，在不断扩大的有利结果的可能性范围内，选择填塞可能很难确定。目前可用的玻璃体代用品具有需要解决的缺点以改善当今可实现的手术结果。在这里，报告了所有玻璃体替代品的基本物理和化学特性，以及它们的使用和临床应用描述了一些术中操作的手术技术。广泛讨论了玻璃体替代品即将发生的主要发展，始终保持翻译视角。通过深入分析当前在预期结果和生物材料技术方面的不足，得出了有关未来观点的结论。
