Abstract：
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) genes are bacteria strains generated from Gram-positive bacteria and resistant to one of the glycopeptides antibiotics, commonly, vancomycin. VRE genes have been identified worldwide and exhibit considerable phenotypic and genotypic variations. There are six identified phenotypes of vancomycin-resistant genes: VanA, VanB, VanC, VanD, VanE, and VanG. The VanA and VanB strains are often found in the clinical laboratory because they are very resistant to vancomycin. VanA bacteria can pose significant issues for hospitalized patients due to their ability to spread to other Gram-positive infections, which changes their genetic material to increase their resistance to the antibiotics used during treatment. This review summarizes the established methods for detecting VRE strains utilizing traditional, immunoassay, and molecular approaches and then focuses on potential electrochemical DNA biosensors to be developed. However, from the literature search, no information was reported on developing electrochemical biosensors for detecting VRE genes; only the electrochemical detection of vancomycin-susceptible bacteria was reported. Thus, strategies to create robust, selective, and miniaturized electrochemical DNA biosensor platforms to detect VRE genes are also discussed.
摘要：
耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）基因是由革兰氏阳性细菌产生的细菌菌株，对糖肽抗生素之一具有抗性，通常，万古霉素.VRE基因已在世界范围内得到鉴定，并表现出相当大的表型和基因型变异。有六种鉴定的万古霉素抗性基因的表型：VanA，VanB,VanC,VanD,Vane,还有VanG.VanA和VanB菌株通常在临床实验室中发现，因为它们对万古霉素具有很强的抗性。由于VanA细菌能够传播到其他革兰氏阳性感染，因此可能对住院患者造成重大问题。这改变了他们的遗传物质，以增加他们对治疗期间使用的抗生素的抵抗力。本文综述了利用传统的VRE菌株检测方法,免疫测定，和分子方法，然后重点研究潜在的电化学DNA生物传感器。然而,从文献检索中，没有关于开发用于检测VRE基因的电化学生物传感器的报道;只有电化学检测万古霉素敏感菌的报道.因此，创建健壮的策略，选择性,还讨论了用于检测VRE基因的小型化电化学DNA生物传感器平台。
