Abstract：
Direct and indirect effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil on aquatic plankton community structure were investigated by exposing plankton to chlorothalonil concentrations of 0.010, 0.025, 0.100, 0.250 and 1.000 mg/L over 20 days in 18 microcosms (glass tanks having 8 L of pond water). Each treatment was executed in three replicates. Total phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and chlorophyll-a concentrations in microcosms were measured 5, 10 and 20 days after pesticide exposure. Plankton community and taxa response to pesticide concentrations were analyzed using the similarity of percentages procedure (SIMPER) and one-way ANOVA test. The results of the study indicated that highest concentration levels of chlorothalonil exposure had a significant impact on phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa. Phytoplankton taxa Amphora sp. and Staurastrum sp. and zooplankton taxa Moina sp. and copepod Nauplius were highly sensitive to chlorothalonil exposure. Phytoplankton taxa Mougeotia sp. increased with increased chlorothalonil (0.1-1.0 mg/L) concentrations, and zooplankton taxa of Aeolosoma sp. showed no significant reduction of individuals in response to pesticide exposure. Results showed that pesticide residues have a direct and rapid impact on phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure. Changes in diversity and species composition induced by pesticides indicate the importance of considering indirect effects of pesticides on the ecological food chain in the aquatic environment.
摘要：
通过将浮游生物在18个微观世界中暴露于0.010、0.025、0.100、0.250和1.000mg/L的百菌清浓度，研究了杀菌剂百菌清对水生浮游生物群落结构的直接和间接影响（具有8L池塘水的玻璃罐）。每个处理重复三次。暴露于农药后5、10和20天，分别测量了微观世界中的浮游植物和浮游动物的总丰度和叶绿素a浓度。使用百分比相似性程序（SIMPER）和单向ANOVA检验分析了浮游生物群落和分类单元对农药浓度的反应。研究结果表明，最高浓度水平的百菌清暴露对浮游植物和浮游动物类群有重大影响。浮游植物类群Amphorasp.和Staurastrumsp.和浮游动物类群Moinasp。co足类无节幼体对百菌清暴露高度敏感。浮游植物类群Mougeotiasp.随着百菌清（0.1-1.0mg/L）浓度的增加而增加，和浮游动物类群。显示个体对农药暴露的反应没有显着减少。结果表明，农药残留对浮游植物和浮游动物群落结构有直接和快速的影响。农药引起的多样性和物种组成的变化表明考虑农药对水生环境生态食物链的间接影响的重要性。
