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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: As two of the most severe and common medical disorders during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) cause adverse effects on placental barrier function and thus may lead to a high risk of intrauterine exposure to toxic metals from mother to fetus. This study investigates the impact of the placental barrier on the transfer of cadmium (Cd) from mother to fetus and the relationship between pregnancy complications.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 107 pairs of samples were collected in Kunming, China; 29 were from healthy pregnant women, and 78 were from patients with pregnancy complications. Cd was measured in each mother\'s placenta and maternal and umbilical cord blood. The expressions of MT and Cd-MT complex in blood and placental tissue samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
UNASSIGNED: The cesarean section rate in the whole pathological group (60.7%) was higher than that in the normal group (20.7%), and the ratio of the effective barrier (ratio of maternal blood to umbilical cord blood>1) in the pathological group (74%) was lower than that in the normal group (79%). In addition, the proportion of practical placental barriers in women aged 20-25 years was 83.3%, 76.3% in women aged 26-30 years, 74.3% in women aged 31-35 years, 70% in women aged 36-40 years, and 71% in women aged 40-45 years. The Cd content in the placenta of the three pathological groups was significantly higher than that in maternal and umbilical cord blood (P<0.05), and the distribution of Cd was the same as that in the normal group. However, there was no significant difference between maternal and umbilical cord blood Cd concentrations in the pathological group. The Cd concentration in the normal group\'s maternal blood was significantly higher than that in cord blood (P<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of both metallothionein (MT) and Cd-MT complex in placenta is much higher than in maternal and umbilical blood, and which in normal group are significantly higher than those in pathological group.
UNASSIGNED: Both mothers and fetuses are at increased health risk for pregnancy disorders when maternal age, BMI, or body weight increases. Increased maternal age increases the likelihood of Cd transfer from the mother to the fetus. Pregnancy complications may induce lower expression of MT, thus reducing the Cd-MT complex in the placenta, weakening the placental barrier, and increasing the risk of Cd transfer and exposure to the fetus.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 107 pairs of samples were collected in Kunming, China; 29 were from healthy pregnant women, and 78 were from patients with pregnancy complications. Cd was measured in each mother\'s placenta and maternal and umbilical cord blood. The expressions of MT and Cd-MT complex in blood and placental tissue samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
UNASSIGNED: The cesarean section rate in the whole pathological group (60.7%) was higher than that in the normal group (20.7%), and the ratio of the effective barrier (ratio of maternal blood to umbilical cord blood>1) in the pathological group (74%) was lower than that in the normal group (79%). In addition, the proportion of practical placental barriers in women aged 20-25 years was 83.3%, 76.3% in women aged 26-30 years, 74.3% in women aged 31-35 years, 70% in women aged 36-40 years, and 71% in women aged 40-45 years. The Cd content in the placenta of the three pathological groups was significantly higher than that in maternal and umbilical cord blood (P<0.05), and the distribution of Cd was the same as that in the normal group. However, there was no significant difference between maternal and umbilical cord blood Cd concentrations in the pathological group. The Cd concentration in the normal group\'s maternal blood was significantly higher than that in cord blood (P<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of both metallothionein (MT) and Cd-MT complex in placenta is much higher than in maternal and umbilical blood, and which in normal group are significantly higher than those in pathological group.
UNASSIGNED: Both mothers and fetuses are at increased health risk for pregnancy disorders when maternal age, BMI, or body weight increases. Increased maternal age increases the likelihood of Cd transfer from the mother to the fetus. Pregnancy complications may induce lower expression of MT, thus reducing the Cd-MT complex in the placenta, weakening the placental barrier, and increasing the risk of Cd transfer and exposure to the fetus.
摘要：
未经证实：作为怀孕期间最严重和最常见的两种医学疾病，妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和妊娠期高血压疾病（HDCP）会对胎盘屏障功能产生不利影响，因此可能导致从母体到胎儿的子宫内暴露于有毒金属的高风险。本研究调查了胎盘屏障对镉（Cd）从母体转移到胎儿的影响以及与妊娠并发症的关系。
UNASSIGNED：在昆明共采集了107对样本，中国；29人来自健康孕妇，78例来自妊娠并发症患者。在每个母亲的胎盘和母体和脐带血中测量Cd。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血液和胎盘组织中MT和Cd-MT复合物的表达。
UNASSIGNED：整个病理组的剖宫产率（60.7%）高于正常组（20.7%），病理组的有效屏障比率（母血与脐血之比>1）低于正常组（79％）。此外,20-25岁女性中实际胎盘障碍的比例为83.3%，26-30岁女性占76.3%，31-35岁女性占74.3%，70%的女性年龄在36-40岁之间，在40-45岁的女性中占71％。3个病理组胎盘中Cd含量显著高于母体和脐带血(P<0.05),Cd的分布与正常组相同。然而,病理组母体和脐带血Cd浓度无显著差异。正常组母血中Cd浓度明显高于脐带血(P<0.05)。此外,胎盘中金属硫蛋白（MT）和Cd-MT复合物的表达水平远高于母体和脐血，正常组明显高于病理组。
UNASSIGNED：母亲和胎儿都有增加的妊娠疾病的健康风险，BMI,或体重增加。母亲年龄的增加增加了Cd从母亲转移到胎儿的可能性。妊娠合并症可能诱发MT的低表达,从而减少了胎盘中的Cd-MT复合物，削弱胎盘屏障，并增加镉转移和暴露于胎儿的风险。
UNASSIGNED：在昆明共采集了107对样本，
UNASSIGNED：整个病理组的剖宫产率（60.7%）高于正常组（20.7%），
UNASSIGNED：母亲和胎儿都有增加的妊娠疾病的健康风险，
