Abstract：
Most eyes start with a hypermetropic refractive error at birth, but the growth rates of the ocular components, guided by visual cues, will slow in such a way that this refractive error decreases during the first 2 years of life. Once reaching its target, the eye enters a period of stable refractive error as it continues to grow by balancing the loss in corneal and lens power with the axial elongation. Although these basic ideas were first proposed over a century ago by Straub, the exact details on the controlling mechanism and the growth process remained elusive. Thanks to the observations collected in the last 40 years in both animals and humans, we are now beginning to get an understanding how environmental and behavioral factors stabilize or disrupt ocular growth. We survey these efforts to present what is currently known regarding the regulation of ocular growth rates.
摘要：
大多数眼睛在出生时都是屈光不正，但是眼部成分的生长速度，在视觉线索的指导下，在生命的头2年内，这种屈光不正会减少。一旦达到目标,眼睛进入一个稳定的屈光不正时期，因为它通过平衡角膜和晶状体屈光力的损失与轴向伸长而持续增长。尽管这些基本思想是在一个多世纪前由Straub提出的,关于控制机制和生长过程的确切细节仍然难以捉摸。多亏了过去40年在动物和人类身上收集的观察结果，我们现在开始了解环境和行为因素如何稳定或破坏眼部生长。我们调查了这些努力，以介绍目前已知的有关眼部生长速率调节的知识。
