Abstract：
The wide variety of cell and tissue culture systems used to study and engineer tendons can make it difficult to choose the best approach and \"optimal\" culture conditions to test a given hypothesis. Therefore, a breakout session was organized at the 2022 ORS Tendon Section Meeting that focused on establishing a set of guidelines for conducting cell and tissue culture studies of tendon. This paper summarizes the outcomes of that discussion and presents recommendations for future studies. In the case of studying tendon cell behavior, cell and tissue culture systems are reductionist models in which the culture conditions should be strictly defined to approximate the in vivo condition as closely as possible. In contrast, for tissue engineering tendon replacements, the culture conditions do not need to replicate native tendon, but the outcome measures for success should be narrowly defined for the specific clinical application. Common recommendations for both applications are that researchers should perform a baseline phenotypic characterization of the cells that are ultimately used for experimentation. For models of tendon cell behavior, culture conditions should be well justified by existing literature and meticulously reported, tissue explant viability should be assessed, and comparisons to in vivo conditions should be made to determine baseline physiological relevance. For tissue engineering applications, the functional/structural/compositional outcome targets should be defined by the specific tendons they seek to replace, with key biologic and material properties prioritized for construct assessment. Lastly, when engineering tendon replacements, researchers should utilize clinically approved cGMP materials to facilitate clinical translation.
摘要：
用于研究和设计肌腱的各种细胞和组织培养系统可能使选择最佳方法和“最佳”培养条件来测试给定假设变得困难。因此,在2022年ORS肌腱部分会议上组织了一次分组会议,重点是建立一套进行肌腱细胞和组织培养研究的指南.本文总结了该讨论的结果，并对未来的研究提出了建议。在研究肌腱细胞行为的情况下，细胞和组织培养系统是还原论模型，其中应严格定义培养条件以尽可能接近体内条件。相比之下,用于组织工程肌腱置换，培养条件不需要复制天然肌腱，但是对于特定的临床应用，成功的结果衡量标准应该狭义地定义。这两种应用的共同建议是，研究人员应该对最终用于实验的细胞进行基线表型表征。对于肌腱细胞行为模型，文化条件应该由现有文献充分证明，并精心报道，应评估组织外植体的活力，应与体内条件进行比较以确定基线生理相关性。对于组织工程应用，功能/结构/组成结果目标应通过它们寻求替代的特定肌腱来定义，具有优先考虑结构评估的关键生物和材料特性。最后,当工程肌腱置换时，研究人员应利用临床批准的cGMP材料来促进临床翻译.
